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Data augmentation is an essential technique in natural language processing (NLP) for enriching training datasets by generating diverse samples. This process is crucial for improving the robustness and generalization capabilities of NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zaitian Wang , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Diffusion-based language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive LLMs by enabling parallel token generation and significantly reducing inference latency. However, existing sampling strategies for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Qingyan Wei , Yaojie Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Puyu Zeng , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Dongrui Liu , Linfeng Zhang

Large language models have led to significant progress across many NLP tasks, although their massive sizes often incur substantial computational costs. Distillation has become a common practice to compress these large and highly capable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zishun Yu , Shangzhe Li , Xinhua Zhang

Discrete Diffusion Language Models progressed rapidly as an alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, motivated by their parallel generation abilities. However, for tractability, discrete diffusion models sample from a factorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their potential for faster generation. Among discrete diffusion approaches, Masked diffusion currently dominates, largely driven by strong perplexity on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Zhihan Yang , Justin Deschenaux , Jingyu Liu , John Thickstun , Ante Jukic

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have inspired new paradigms for document reranking. While this paradigm better exploits the reasoning and contextual understanding capabilities of LLMs, most existing LLM-based rerankers rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qi Liu , Kun Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Fengbin Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) can improve reasoning at inference time through test-time scaling (TTS), where multiple reasoning traces are generated and the best one is selected. Prior work shows that increasing the number of samples K…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yuheng Wu , Azalia Mirhoseini , Thierry Tambe

Pretrained multilingual large language models have typically used heuristic temperature-based sampling to balance between different languages. However previous work has not systematically evaluated the efficacy of different pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Hyung Won Chung , Noah Constant , Xavier Garcia , Adam Roberts , Yi Tay , Sharan Narang , Orhan Firat

Speculative decoding is an effective technique for accelerating large language model inference by drafting multiple tokens in parallel. In practice, its speedup is often bottlenecked by a rigid verification step that strictly enforces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziyi Wang , Siva Rajesh Kasa , Ankith M S , Santhosh Kumar Kasa , Jiaru Zou , Sumit Negi , Ruqi Zhang , Nan Jiang , Qifan Song

Language diffusion models aim to improve sampling speed and coherence over autoregressive LLMs. We introduce Neural Flow Diffusion Models for language generation, an extension of NFDM that enables the straightforward application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nesta Midavaine , Christian A. Naesseth , Grigory Bartosh

In autoregressive language models, each token is sampled by conditioning on all the past tokens; the overall string has thus been sampled from the correct underlying joint distribution represented by the model. In contrast, masked diffusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Parikshit Bansal , Sujay Sanghavi

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in code generation. However, existing LLMs' decoding strategies are designed for Natural Language (NL) generation, overlooking the differences between NL and programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yuqi Zhu , Jia Li , Ge Li , YunFei Zhao , Jia Li , Zhi Jin , Hong Mei

Increasing diversity in language models is a challenging yet essential objective. A common approach is to raise the decoding temperature. In this work, we investigate this approach through a simplistic yet common case to provide insights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Alexandre Verine , Florian Le Bronnec , Kunhao Zheng , Alexandre Allauzen , Yann Chevaleyre , Benjamin Negrevergne

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to autoregressive approaches, enabling parallel text generation with competitive performance. Despite these advantages, there is a critical instability in DLMs: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zihou Zhang , Zheyong Xie , Li Zhong , Haifeng Liu , Yao Hu , Shaosheng Cao

While diffusion models demonstrate a remarkable capability for generating high-quality images, their tendency to `replicate' training data raises privacy concerns. Although recent research suggests that this replication may stem from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Chenghao Li , Dake Chen , Yuke Zhang , Peter A. Beerel

Language models based on discrete diffusion have attracted widespread interest for their potential to provide faster generation than autoregressive models. Despite their promise, these models typically produce samples whose quality sharply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chanhyuk Lee , Jaehoon Yoo , Manan Agarwal , Sheel Shah , Jerry Huang , Aditi Raghunathan , Seunghoon Hong , Nicholas M. Boffi , Jinwoo Kim

Uniform-state discrete diffusion models excel at few-step generation and guidance due to their ability to self-correct, making them preferred over autoregressive or Masked diffusion models in these settings. However, their sampling quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre , Subham Sekhar Sahoo

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising alternative for language modeling by enabling parallel decoding through iterative refinement. However, most DLMs rely on hard binary masking and discrete token assignments, which hinder the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Linhao Zhong , Linyu Wu , Bozhen Fang , Tianjian Feng , Chenchen Jing , Wen Wang , Jiaheng Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Inductive reasoning - the process of inferring general rules from a small number of observations - is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. Recent works suggest that large language models (LLMs) can engage in inductive reasoning by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kang-il Lee , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Minsung Kim , Kyomin Jung

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly smaller variants, still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. While inference-time prompting can guide reasoning, existing methods often rely on sequential queries. Ensemble approaches offer a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Wenyang Hu , Diwen Liu , Jizhuo Chen , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low