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Simultaneous Speech Translation (SimulST) systems stream in audio while simultaneously emitting translated text or speech. Such systems face the significant challenge of balancing translation quality and latency. We introduce a strategy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Nameer Hirschkind , Joseph Liu , Xiao Yu , Mahesh Kumar Nandwana

Simultaneous translation systems start producing the output while processing the partial source sentence in the incoming input stream. These systems need to decide when to read more input and when to write the output. These decisions depend…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Mohd Abbas Zaidi , Beomseok Lee , Sangha Kim , Chanwoo Kim

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) produces translations incrementally while processing partial speech input. Although large language models (LLMs) have showcased strong capabilities in offline translation tasks, applying them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Biao Fu , Donglei Yu , Minpeng Liao , Chengxi Li , Yidong Chen , Kai Fan , Xiaodong Shi

Simultaneous Speech Translation (SimulST) enables real-time cross-lingual communication by jointly optimizing speech recognition and machine translation under strict latency constraints. Existing systems struggle to balance translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Chenyang Le , Bing Han , Jinshun Li , Songyong Chen , Yanmin Qian

How to make human-interpreter-like read/write decisions for simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems? Current state-of-the-art systems formulate SimulST as a multi-turn dialogue task, requiring specialized interleaved training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haotian Tan , Hiroki Ouchi , Sakriani Sakti

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems must balance translation quality with response time, making latency measurement crucial for evaluating their real-world performance. However, there has been a longstanding belief that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xi Xu , Wenda Xu , Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is a challenging task aiming to translate streaming speech before the complete input is observed. A SimulST system generally includes two components: the pre-decision that aggregates the speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Chih-Chiang Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation (SimulST) translates source-language speech into target-language text concurrently with the speaker's speech, ensuring low latency for better user comprehension. Despite its intended application to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Sara Papi , Peter Polak , Ondřej Bojar , Dominik Macháček

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (Simul-S2ST, a.k.a streaming speech translation) outputs target speech while receiving streaming speech inputs, which is critical for real-time communication. Beyond accomplishing translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shaolei Zhang , Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Zhengrui Ma , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

Simultaneous translation of unbounded streaming speech remains a challenging problem due to the need for effectively processing the history speech context and past translations so that quality and latency, including computation overhead,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Siqi Ouyang , Xi Xu , Lei Li

Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T), like most end-to-end speech recognition model architectures, has an implicit neural network language model (NNLM) and cannot easily leverage unpaired text data during training. Previous work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Suyoun Kim , Yuan Shangguan , Jay Mahadeokar , Antoine Bruguier , Christian Fuegen , Michael L. Seltzer , Duc Le

Speech-to-text translation (ST), which translates source language speech into target language text, has attracted intensive attention in recent years. Compared to the traditional pipeline system, the end-to-end ST model has potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Yuchen Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Hao Xiong , Long Zhou , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Chengqing Zong

Attention is the core mechanism of today's most used architectures for natural language processing and has been analyzed from many perspectives, including its effectiveness for machine translation-related tasks. Among these studies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Sara Papi , Marco Turchi , Matteo Negri

Simultaneous speech translation (SST) outputs translations in parallel with streaming speech input, balancing translation quality and latency. While large language models (LLMs) have been extended to handle the speech modality, streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Keqi Deng , Wenxi Chen , Xie Chen , Philip C. Woodland

Streaming speech translation (StreamST) requires determining appropriate timing, known as policy, to generate translations while continuously receiving source speech inputs, balancing low latency with high translation quality. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shoutao Guo , Xiang Li , Mengge Liu , Wei Chen , Yang Feng

Inverse Text Normalization (ITN) is crucial for converting spoken Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) outputs into well-formatted written text, enhancing both readability and usability. Despite its importance, the integration of streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Luong Ho , Khanh Le , Vinh Pham , Bao Nguyen , Tan Tran , Duc Chau

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) translates partial speech inputs incrementally. Although the monotonic correspondence between input and output is preferable for smaller latency, it is not the case for distant language pairs such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yuka Ko , Ryo Fukuda , Yuta Nishikawa , Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous or streaming machine translation generates translation while reading the input stream. These systems face a quality/latency trade-off, aiming to achieve high translation quality similar to non-streaming models with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zeeshan Ahmed , Frank Seide , Zhe Liu , Rastislav Rabatin , Jachym Kolar , Niko Moritz , Ruiming Xie , Simone Merello , Christian Fuegen

Recent research shows end-to-end ASR systems can recognize overlapped speech from multiple speakers. However, all published works have assumed no latency constraints during inference, which does not hold for most voice assistant…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-22 Ilya Sklyar , Anna Piunova , Yulan Liu

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is the task in which output generation has to be performed on partial, incremental speech input. In recent years, SimulST has become popular due to the spread of cross-lingual application scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sara Papi , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi
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