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The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren

In this paper we propose a structural parameter of CNF formulas and use it to identify instances of weighted MaxSAT and #SAT that can be solved in polynomial time. Given a CNF formula we say that a set of clauses is precisely satisfiable if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sigve Hortemo Sæther , Jan Arne Telle , Martin Vatshelle

In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is NP-complete when it is both in NP and NP-hard. Although a solution to a NP-complete can be verified quickly, there is no known algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. There exists…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Wenxia Guo , Jin Wang , Majun He , Xiaoqin Ren , Wenhong Tian , Qingxian Wang

Classical planning problems are typically defined using lifted first-order representations, which offer compactness and generality. While most planners ground these representations to simplify reasoning, this can cause an exponential blowup…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 João Filipe , Gregor Behnke

With the slowdown of improvement in conventional von Neumann systems, increasing attention is paid to novel paradigms such as Ising machines. They have very different approach to NP-complete optimization problems. Ising machines have shown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Anshujit Sharma , Matthew Burns , Andrew Hahn , Michael Huang

We introduce universal, easy-to-reproduce generative models for the QUBO instances to differentiate the performance of the hardware/solvers effectively. Our benchmark process extends the well-known Hebb's rule of associative memory with the…

Computation · Statistics 2024-04-03 Nikita Stroev , Natalia G. Berloff , Nir Davidson

Instances of logical cryptanalysis, circuit verification, and bounded model checking can often be succinctly represented as a combined satisfiability (SAT) problem where an instance is a combination of traditional clauses and parity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-09-11 Tero Laitinen , Tommi Junttila , Ilkka Niemelä

Many reasoning tasks require short partial satisfying assignments (implicants), sometimes focusing on a set of important variables. SAT-to-Ising-QUBO formulations are implicitly designed so that ground states correspond to total…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giuseppe Spallitta , Leonardo Duenas-Osorio , Moshe Y. Vardi

The utility of satisfiability (SAT) as an application focused hard computational problem is well established. We explore the potential of quantum annealing to enhance classical SAT solving, especially where sampling from the space of all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-22 Kristen L. Pudenz , Gregory S. Tallant , Todd R. Belote , Steven H. Adachi

Fundamentally, every static program analyser searches for a proof through a combination of heuristics providing candidate solutions and a candidate validation technique. Essentially, the heuristic reduces a second-order problem to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Cristina David , Daniel Kroening , Matt Lewis

The Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem is the canonical NP-complete problem and is fundamental to computer science, with a wide array of applications in planning, verification, and theorem proving. Developing and evaluating practical SAT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Jiaxuan You , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Raghuram Ramanujan , Jure Leskovec

We propose an algorithm of generating hard instances for the Satisfying Assignment Search Problem (in short, SAT). The algorithm transforms instances of the integer factorization problem into SAT instances efficiently by using the Chinese…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Satoshi Horie , Osamu Watanabe

The past three decades have witnessed notable success in designing efficient SAT solvers, with modern solvers capable of solving industrial benchmarks containing millions of variables in just a few seconds. The success of modern SAT solvers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jiong Yang , Arijit Shaw , Teodora Baluta , Mate Soos , Kuldeep S. Meel

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yumiko Nishiyama

This note considers checking satisfiability of sets of propositional clauses (SAT instances). It shows that "unipolar sets" of clauses (containing no positive or no negative clauses) provide an "early sign" of satisfiability of SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Eliezer L. Lozinskii

Modern software for propositional satisfiability problems gives a powerful automated reasoning toolkit, capable of outputting not only a satisfiable/unsatisfiable signal but also a justification of unsatisfiability in the form of resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Konstantin Sidorov , Koos van der Linden , Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia , Mathijs de Weerdt , Emir Demirović

By the MAXSAT problem, we are given a set $V$ of $m$ variables and a collection $C$ of $n$ clauses over $V$, i.e., a conjunctive normal form ($\textit{CNF}$) formula. We will seek a truth assignment to maximize the number of satisfied…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yangjun Chen

Nature-inspired computation is receiving increasing attention. Various Ising machine implementations have recently been proven to be effective in solving numerous combinatorial optimization problems including maximum cut, low density parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Bart Selman , Henry Kautz , Zeljko Ignjatovic , Selçuk Köse

We study computational limitations in \emph{multi-plant} average-case inference problems, in which $t$ disjoint planted structures of size $k$ are embedded in a random background on $n$ elements. A natural parameter in this setting is the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Matvey Mosievskiy , Lev Reyzin

(k,s)-SAT is the satisfiability problem restricted to instances where each clause has exactly k literals and every variable occurs at most s times. It is known that there exists a function f such that for s\leq f(k) all (k,s)-SAT instances…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shlomo Hoory , Stefan Szeider