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Related papers: Inference conditional on selection: a review

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Statistics is sometimes described as the science of reasoning under uncertainty. Statistical models provide one view of this uncertainty, but what is frequently neglected is the 'invisible' portion of uncertainty: that assumed not to exist…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Oliver L. Pescott , Robin J. Boyd , Gary D. Powney , Gavin B. Stewart

Causal inference is central to many areas of artificial intelligence, including complex reasoning, planning, knowledge-base construction, robotics, explanation, and fairness. An active community of researchers develops and enhances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Amanda Gentzel , Dan Garant , David Jensen

Bayesian methods are useful for statistical inference. However, real-world problems can be challenging using Bayesian methods when the data analyst has only limited prior knowledge. In this paper we consider a class of problems, called…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-20 Yixuan Qiu , Lingsong Zhang , Chuanhai Liu

Variable selection, also known as feature selection in machine learning, plays an important role in modeling high dimensional data and is key to data-driven scientific discoveries. We consider here the problem of detecting influential…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-24 Bo Jiang , Jun S. Liu

Inference is the task of drawing conclusions about unobserved variables given observations of related variables. Applications range from identifying diseases from symptoms to classifying economic regimes from price movements. Unfortunately,…

The fundamental challenge of drawing causal inference is that counterfactual outcomes are not fully observed for any unit. Furthermore, in observational studies, treatment assignment is likely to be confounded. Many statistical methods have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-01 Harsh Parikh , Carlos Varjao , Louise Xu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Stability selection is a versatile framework for structure estimation and variable selection in high-dimensional setting, primarily grounded in frequentist principles. In this paper, we propose an enhanced methodology that integrates…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Mahdi Nouraie , Connor Smith , Samuel Muller

We pose causal inference as the problem of learning to classify probability distributions. In particular, we assume access to a collection $\{(S_i,l_i)\}_{i=1}^n$, where each $S_i$ is a sample drawn from the probability distribution of $X_i…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-20 David Lopez-Paz , Krikamol Muandet , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ilya Tolstikhin

When the target of statistical inference is chosen in a data-driven manner, the guarantees provided by classical theories vanish. We propose a solution to the problem of inference after selection by building on the framework of algorithmic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Tijana Zrnic , Michael I. Jordan

We introduce uncertainty regions to perform inference on partial correlations when data are missing not at random. These uncertainty regions are shown to have a desired asymptotic coverage. Their finite sample performance is illustrated via…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Tetiana Gorbach , Xavier de Luna

Conditional selective inference (SI) has been actively studied as a new statistical inference framework for data-driven hypotheses. The basic idea of conditional SI is to make inferences conditional on the selection event characterized by a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-23 Kazuya Sugiyama , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Ichiro Takeuchi

Many partial identification problems can be characterized by the optimal value of a function over a set where both the function and set need to be estimated by empirical data. Despite some progress for convex problems, statistical inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-31 Matthew Tudball , Rachael Hughes , Kate Tilling , Jack Bowden , Qingyuan Zhao

A subjective expected utility policy making centre, managing complex, dynamic systems, needs to draw on the expertise of a variety of disparate panels of experts and integrate this information coherently. To achieve this, diverse supporting…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-21 Jim Q. Smith , Martine J. Barons , Manuele Leonelli

Frequentist inference typically is described in terms of hypothetical repeated sampling but there are advantages to an interpretation that uses a single random sample. Contemporary examples are given that indicate probabilities for random…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-06-21 Paul Vos , Don Holbert

Scientific knowledge expands by observing the world, hypothesizing some theories about it, and testing them against collected data. When those theories take the form of statistical models, statistical analyses are involved in the process of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Arnaud Delaunoy

Confidence intervals are central to statistical inference as a tool to evaluate the type I error risk at a given significance level. We devise a method to construct confidence intervals using a single run of a permutation test. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Niels Lundtorp Olsen

Model selection in latent block models has been a challenging but important task in the field of statistics. Specifically, a major challenge is encountered when constructing a test on a block structure obtained by applying a specific…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Chihiro Watanabe , Taiji Suzuki

The features of a logically sound approach to a theory of statistical reasoning are discussed. A particular approach that satisfies these criteria is reviewed. This is seen to involve selection of a model, model checking, elicitation of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-09 Luai Al-Labadi , Zeynep Baskurt , Michael Evans

We consider the problem of distribution-free conditional predictive inference. Prior work has established that achieving exact finite-sample control of conditional coverage without distributional assumptions is impossible, in the sense that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-29 Yonghoon Lee , Zhimei Ren

Conditional probabilities are a core concept in machine learning. For example, optimal prediction of a label $Y$ given an input $X$ corresponds to maximizing the conditional probability of $Y$ given $X$. A common approach to inference tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Yoav Wald , Amir Globerson