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Large Language Models (LLMs) undergo continuous updates to improve user experience. However, prior research on the security and safety implications of LLMs has primarily focused on their specific versions, overlooking the impact of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Zhengyu Zhao , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…

Today's large language models (LLMs) are trained to align with user preferences through methods such as reinforcement learning. Yet models are beginning to be deployed not merely to satisfy users, but also to generate revenue for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Addison J. Wu , Ryan Liu , Shuyue Stella Li , Yulia Tsvetkov , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have emerged as a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, representing a specialized class of large language models (LLMs) designed to tackle complex reasoning tasks. The defining characteristic of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Jianing Geng , Tong Li , Lihai Nie , Zheli Liu , Yiming Li

Reasoning Language Models (RLMs) have gained traction for their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning tasks through mechanisms such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuned reasoning traces. While these capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Riccardo Cantini , Nicola Gabriele , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

The development of LLMs has greatly enhanced the intelligence and fluency of question answering, while the emergence of retrieval enhancement has enabled models to better utilize external information. However, the presence of noise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Xingyun Hong , Yan Shao , Zhilin Wang , Manni Duan , Jin Xiongnan

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more powerful and autonomous, they increasingly face conflicts and dilemmas in many scenarios. We first summarize and taxonomize these diverse conflicts. Then, we model the LLM's preferences to make…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenheng Tang , Xiang Liu , Qian Wang , Eunsol Choi , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Although Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have progressed in solving complex problems, their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning often contains harmful content that can persist even when the final responses appear safe. We show that this issue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yichi Zhang , Yue Ding , Jingwen Yang , Tianwei Luo , Dongbai Li , Ranjie Duan , Qiang Liu , Hang Su , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world decision-making systems, understanding their behavioural vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge for AI safety and alignment. While existing evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lili Zhang , Haomiaomiao Wang , Long Cheng , Libao Deng , Tomas Ward

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have significantly advanced beyond traditional Large Language Models (LLMs) with their exceptional logical reasoning capabilities, yet these improvements introduce heightened safety risks. When subjected to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yang Yao , Xuan Tong , Ruofan Wang , Yixu Wang , Lujundong Li , Liang Liu , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as evaluators, offering a scalable alternative to human annotation. However, existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches often fall short in domains that demand complex reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nuo Chen , Zhiyuan Hu , Qingyun Zou , Jiaying Wu , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 models, leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to generate structured intermediate steps, enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, long CoT does not inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fengqing Jiang , Zhangchen Xu , Yuetai Li , Luyao Niu , Zhen Xiang , Bo Li , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly described as possessing strong reasoning capabilities, supported by high performance on mathematical, logical, and planning benchmarks. However, most existing evaluations rely on aggregate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Md. Fahad Ullah Utsho , Mohd. Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , Md. Golam Rashed , Dipankar Das

The rapid development of Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) has demonstrated broad application potential, yet their safety and reliability remain critical concerns that require systematic exploration. To address this gap, we conduct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinyue Lou , You Li , Jinan Xu , Xiangyu Shi , Chi Chen , Kaiyu Huang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) generate explicit reasoning traces alongside final answers, yet the extent to which these traces influence answer generation remains unclear. In this work, we conduct a three-stage investigation into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive performances across diverse domains. However, how the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) benefits from enhanced reasoning capabilities against jailbreak queries remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junda Zhu , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Lei Sha

Currently, many large language models (LLMs) are utilized for software engineering tasks such as code generation. The emergence of more advanced models known as large reasoning models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o3, DeepSeek R1, and Qwen3.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Kevin Halim , Sin G. Teo , Ruitao Feng , Zhenpeng Chen , Yang Gu , Chong Wang , Yang Liu

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in mathematical reasoning capabilities through long Chain-of-Thought. The reasoning tokens of these models enable self-correction within reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Cui , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL). These improvements have primarily been observed within the short-context reasoning tasks. In contrast, extending LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fanqi Wan , Weizhou Shen , Shengyi Liao , Yingcheng Shi , Chenliang Li , Ziyi Yang , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan
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