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We propose an iterative programmatic planning (IPP) framework for solving grid-based tasks by synthesizing interpretable agent policies expressed in code using large language models (LLMs). Instead of relying on traditional search or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Zhisheng Tang , Mayank Kejriwal

Within the domain of large language models, reinforcement fine-tuning algorithms necessitate the generation of a complete reasoning trajectory beginning from the input query, which incurs significant computational overhead during the…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has markedly enhanced the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Its success, however, largely depends on strong base models with rich world knowledge, yielding only modest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yongxin Guo , Wenbo Deng , Zhenglin Cheng , Xiaoying Tang

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Large Language Models utilizing reasoning techniques improve task performance but incur significant latency and token costs due to verbose generation. Existing automatic prompt optimization(APO) frameworks target task accuracy exclusively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Deep Shah , Sanket Badhe , Nehal Kathrotia , Priyanka Tiwari

We present an outcome-driven fine-tuning framework that enhances the forecasting capabilities of large language models (LLMs) without relying on human-curated reasoning samples. Our method leverages model self-play to generate pairs of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Benjamin Turtel , Danny Franklin , Philipp Schoenegger

Explicit reasoning models are trained to produce intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, but downstream fine-tuning is often performed on ordinary instruction-response data that contains no such traces. We show that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Lukas Twist , Helen Yannakoudakis , Jie M. Zhang

Tabular foundation models represent a growing paradigm in structured data learning, extending the benefits of large-scale pretraining to tabular domains. However, their adoption remains limited due to heterogeneous preprocessing pipelines,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Aditya Tanna , Pratinav Seth , Mohamed Bouadi , Utsav Avaiya , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

In the current landscape of large language models (LLMs), the process of instruction tuning serves as an essential step. Considering the high computing power overhead, data-efficient instruction tuning was proposed to reduce the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Qi Zhang , Yiming Zhang , Haobo Wang , Junbo Zhao

There is a lot of interest today in building autonomous (or, self-driving) data processing systems. An emerging school of thought is to leverage AI-driven "black box" algorithms for this purpose. In this paper, we present a contrarian view.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Mayuresh Kunjir , Shivnath Babu

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) incur high inference latency due to a large number of visual tokens provided to LLMs. To address this, training-free visual token pruning has emerged as a solution to reduce computational costs;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kibum Kim , Jiwan Kim , Kyle Min , Yueqi Wang , Jinyoung Moon , Julian McAuley , Chanyoung Park

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a promising policy-based approach for Large Language Model alignment, yet its performance is often limited by training instability and suboptimal convergence. In this paper, we identify and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Marco Simoni , Aleksandar Fontana , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino , Paolo Mori

Large language models have unlocked strong multi-task capabilities from reading instructive prompts. However, recent studies have shown that existing large models still have difficulty with information extraction tasks. For example,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Xiao Wang , Weikang Zhou , Can Zu , Han Xia , Tianze Chen , Yuansen Zhang , Rui Zheng , Junjie Ye , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Jihua Kang , Jingsheng Yang , Siyuan Li , Chunsai Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeju Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Ziyang Zheng , Xiangyu Wen , Zhijian Xu , Yingying Cheng , Fan Zhang , Qiang Xu

External tools help large language models succeed at tasks where they would otherwise typically fail. In existing frameworks, choosing tools at test time relies on naive greedy decoding, regardless of whether the model has been fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lisa Alazraki , Marek Rei

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

Large language models (LLMs) hold the promise of solving diverse tasks when provided with appropriate natural language prompts. However, prompting often leads models to make predictions with lower accuracy compared to finetuning a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Chenyang Zhao , Xueying Jia , Vijay Viswanathan , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

To automatically tune configurations for the best possible system performance (e.g., runtime or throughput), much work has been focused on designing intelligent heuristics in a tuner. However, existing tuner designs have mostly ignored the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Gangda Xiong , Tao Chen

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei

Blockchain technology has revolutionized the financial landscape, with cryptocurrencies gaining widespread adoption for their decentralized and transparent nature. As the sentiment expressed on social media platforms can significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Rahman S M Wahidur , Ishmam Tashdeed , Manjit Kaur , Heung-No-Lee