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Previous studies have shown that spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can be used in spiking neural networks (SNN) to extract visual features of low or intermediate complexity in an unsupervised manner. These studies, however, used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh , Mohammad Ganjtabesh , Simon J Thorpe , Timothée Masquelier

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are gaining significant traction in machine learning tasks where energy-efficiency is of utmost importance. Training such networks using the state-of-the-art back-propagation through time (BPTT) is, however,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Felix Christian Bauer , Gregor Lenz , Saeid Haghighatshoar , Sadique Sheik

Spiking neural networks are efficient computation models for low-power environments. Spike-based BP algorithms and ANN-to-SNN (ANN2SNN) conversions are successful techniques for SNN training. Nevertheless, the spike-base BP training is slow…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianxiong Tang , Jianhuang Lai , Xiaohua Xie , Lingxiao Yang , Wei-Shi Zheng

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are expected to provide explanation for users to understand their black-box predictions. Saliency map is a common form of explanation illustrating the heatmap of feature attributions, but it suffers from noise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Rui Xu , Wenkang Qin , Peixiang Huang , Hao Wang , Lin Luo

In recent years, deep learning has been a revolution in the field of machine learning, for computer vision in particular. In this approach, a deep (multilayer) artificial neural network (ANN) is trained in a supervised manner using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Amirhossein Tavanaei , Masoud Ghodrati , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh , Timothee Masquelier , Anthony S. Maida

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enable low-power design on edge devices have recently attracted significant research. However, the temporal characteristic of SNNs causes high latency, high bandwidth and high energy consumption for the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Hong-Han Lien , Chung-Wei Hsu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Weight quantization is used to deploy high-performance deep learning models on resource-limited hardware, enabling the use of low-precision integers for storage and computation. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) share the goal of enhancing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sreyes Venkatesh , Razvan Marinescu , Jason K. Eshraghian

The demand for edge artificial intelligence to process event-based, complex data calls for hardware beyond conventional digital, von-Neumann architectures. Neuromorphic computing, using spiking neural networks (SNNs) with emerging…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Zhu Wang , Song Wang , Zhiyuan Du , Ruibin Mao , Yu Xiao , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Peng Lin , Can Li

Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) provides a biologically grounded learning rule for spiking neural networks (SNNs), but its reliance on precise spike timing and pairwise updates limits fast learning of weights. We introduce a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gouri Lakshmi S , Athira Chandrasekharan , Harshit Kumar , Muhammed Sahad E , Bikas C Das , Saptarshi Bej

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer potential advantages in energy efficiency but currently trail Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in versatility, largely due to challenges in efficient input encoding. Recent work shows that direct coding…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ilkin Aliyev , Jesus Lopez , Tosiron Adegbija

High-performance scientific simulations, important for comprehension of complex systems, encounter computational challenges especially when exploring extensive parameter spaces. There has been an increasing interest in developing deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Pradeep Bajracharya , Javier Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín , Geoffrey Fox , Shantenu Jha , Linwei Wang

Deep neural networks have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance in several machine learning tasks. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the preferred optimization algorithm for training these networks and asynchronous SGD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Wei Zhang , Suyog Gupta , Xiangru Lian , Ji Liu

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have gained significant popularity thanks to their ability to learn using the well-known backpropagation algorithm. Conversely, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), despite having broader capabilities than ANNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sergio Davies , Andrew Gait , Andrew Rowley , Alessandro Di Nuovo

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically-inspired models that are capable of processing information in streams of action potentials. However, simulating and training SNNs is computationally expensive due to the need to solve large…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-29 Rainer Engelken

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can do inference with low power consumption due to their spike sparsity. ANN-SNN conversion is an efficient way to achieve deep SNNs by converting well-trained Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Xiang He , Yang Li , Dongcheng Zhao , Qingqun Kong , Yi Zeng

Uncertainty in biological neural systems appears to be computationally beneficial rather than detrimental. However, in neuromorphic computing systems, device variability often limits performance, including accuracy and efficiency. In this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Huannan Zheng , Jingli Liu , Kezhou Yang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) well support spatiotemporal learning and energy-efficient event-driven hardware neuromorphic processors. As an important class of SNNs, recurrent spiking neural networks (RSNNs) possess great computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Wenrui Zhang , Peng Li

At present, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image classification method based on convolution neural network (CNN) has faced some problems such as poor noise resistance and generalization ability. Spiking neural network (SNN) is one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jiankun Chen , Xiaolan Qiu , Chibiao Ding , Yirong Wu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been attached great importance due to their biological plausibility and high energy-efficiency on neuromorphic chips. As these chips are usually resource-constrained, the compression of SNNs is thus…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Yanqi Chen , Zhaofei Yu , Wei Fang , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neurons, can be operated in an event-driven manner and have internal states to retain information over time, providing opportunities for energy-efficient neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy