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Sanskrit, one of humanity's most ancient languages, has a vast collection of books and manuscripts on diverse topics that have been accumulated over millennia. However, its digital content (audio and text), which is vital for the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Bidit Sadhukhan , Swami Punyeshwarananda

Kazakh is a Turkic language using the Arabic, Cyrillic, and Latin scripts, making it unique in terms of optical character recognition (OCR). Work on OCR for low-resource Kazakh scripts is very scarce, and no OCR benchmarks or images exist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Henry Gagnier , Sophie Gagnier , Ashwin Kirubakaran

The Dead Sea Scrolls are tangible evidence of the Bible's ancient scribal culture. Palaeography - the study of ancient handwriting - can provide access to this scribal culture. However, one of the problems of traditional palaeography is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Mladen Popović , Maruf A. Dhali , Lambert Schomaker

Optical Character Recognition has been a challenging field in the advent of digital computers. It is needed where information is to be readable both to humans and machines. The process of OCR is composed of a set of pre and post processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Chinmay Chinara , Nishant Nath , Subhajeet Mishra , Sangram Keshari Sahoo , Farida Ashraf Ali

Zero-shot Chinese character recognition has attracted rising attention in recent years. Existing methods for this problem are mainly based on either certain low-level stroke-based decomposition or medium-level radical-based decomposition.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Jinshan Zeng , Ruiying Xu , Yu Wu , Hongwei Li , Jiaxing Lu

Character recognition is the fundamental part of an optical character recognition (OCR) system. Word recognition, sentence transcription, document digitization, and language processing are some of the higher-order activities that can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mirza Raquib , Asif Pervez Polok , Kedar Nath Biswas , Farida Siddiqi Prity , Saydul Akbar Murad , Nick Rahimi

The Houma Alliance Book, one of history's earliest calligraphic examples, was unearthed in the 1970s. These artifacts were meticulously organized, reproduced, and copied by the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xiaoyu Yuan , Xiaohua Huang , Zibo Zhang , Yabo Sun

Ancient Chinese character recognition is a core capability for cultural heritage digitization, yet real-world workflows are inherently non-stationary: newly excavated materials are continuously onboarded, bringing new classes in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuchuan Wu , Yinglian Zhu , Haiyang Yu , Ke Niu , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Quantum cryptography is a rapidly-developing area which leverages quantum information to accomplish classically-impossible tasks. In many of these protocols, quantum states are used as long-term cryptographic keys. Typically, this is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Omri Shmueli , Mark Zhandry

Tokenization is fundamental to pretrained language models (PLMs). Existing tokenization methods for Chinese PLMs typically treat each character as an indivisible token. However, they ignore the unique feature of the Chinese writing system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Chenglei Si , Zhengyan Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Fanchao Qi , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Yasheng Wang , Qun Liu , Maosong Sun

Much of the existing linguistic data in many languages of the world is locked away in non-digitized books and documents. Optical character recognition (OCR) can be used to produce digitized text, and previous work has demonstrated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Shruti Rijhwani , Daisy Rosenblum , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Handwriting recognition refers to the identification of written characters. Handwriting recognition has become an acute research area in recent years for the ease of access of computer science. In this paper primarily discussed On-line and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-03-21 Dr. Firoj Parwej

Binary code similarity analysis (BCSA) serves as a foundational technique for binary analysis tasks such as vulnerability detection and malware identification. Existing graph based BCSA approaches capture more binary code semantics and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yufeng Wang , Yuhong Feng , Yixuan Cao , Haoran Li , Haiyue Feng , Yifeng Wang

It is intuitive that NLP tasks for logographic languages like Chinese should benefit from the use of the glyph information in those languages. However, due to the lack of rich pictographic evidence in glyphs and the weak generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Yuxian Meng , Wei Wu , Fei Wang , Xiaoya Li , Ping Nie , Fan Yin , Muyu Li , Qinghong Han , Xiaofei Sun , Jiwei Li

Arabic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is essential for converting vast amounts of Arabic print media into digital formats. However, training modern OCR models, especially powerful vision-language models, is hampered by the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Omer Nacar , Yasser Al-Habashi , Serry Sibaee , Adel Ammar , Wadii Boulila

A crucial component for the scene text based reasoning required for TextVQA and TextCaps datasets involve detecting and recognizing text present in the images using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. The current systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amanpreet Singh , Guan Pang , Mandy Toh , Jing Huang , Wojciech Galuba , Tal Hassner

The oracle problem refers to the inability of an agent to know if the information coming from an oracle is authentic and unbiased. In ancient times, philosophers and historians debated on how to evaluate, increase, and secure the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Giulio Caldarelli , Massimiliano Ornaghi

We present a generative document-specific approach to character analysis and recognition in text lines. Our main idea is to build on unsupervised multi-object segmentation methods and in particular those that reconstruct images based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Ioannis Siglidis , Nicolas Gonthier , Julien Gaubil , Tom Monnier , Mathieu Aubry

We describe a novel line-level script identification method. Previous work repurposed an OCR model generating per-character script codes, counted to obtain line-level script identification. This has two shortcomings. First, as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Yasuhisa Fujii , Karel Driesen , Jonathan Baccash , Ash Hurst , Ashok C. Popat

Most existing online writer-identification systems require that the text content is supplied in advance and rely on separately designed features and classifiers. The identifications are based on lines of text, entire paragraphs, or entire…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Weixin Yang , Lianwen Jin , Manfei Liu