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The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

GUI testing checks if a software system behaves as expected when users interact with its graphical interface, e.g., testing specific functionality or validating relevant use case scenarios. Currently, deciding what to test at this high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Juyeon Yoon , Robert Feldt , Shin Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the social sciences to simulate human behavior, based on the assumption that they can generate realistic, human-like text. Yet this assumption remains largely untested. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Nicolò Pagan , Petter Törnberg , Christopher A. Bail , Anikó Hannák , Christopher Barrie

We compare three methods of familiarizing a human with an artificial intelligence (AI) teammate ("agent") prior to operation in a collaborative, fast-paced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) environment. In a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ryan Bowers , Richard Agbeyibor , Jack Kolb , Karen Feigh

Accurately assessing internal human states is key to understanding preferences, offering personalized services, and identifying challenges in real-world applications. Originating from psychometrics, adaptive testing has become the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Junhao Yu , Yan Zhuang , YuXuan Sun , Weibo Gao , Qi Liu , Mingyue Cheng , Zhenya Huang , Enhong Chen

The rapid progress of foundation models has led to the prosperity of autonomous agents, which leverage the universal capabilities of foundation models to conduct reasoning, decision-making, and environmental interaction. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Zonghan Yang , An Liu , Zijun Liu , Kaiming Liu , Fangzhou Xiong , Yile Wang , Zeyuan Yang , Qingyuan Hu , Xinrui Chen , Zhenhe Zhang , Fuwen Luo , Zhicheng Guo , Peng Li , Yang Liu

As AI agents increasingly operate in open, real-world environments, they require a deep synergy of multimodal perception, tool invocation with multi-hop reasoning, and dynamic interaction with users. However, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunqi Liu , Tong Niu , Zitong Wang , Zhenlong Dai , Yuqi Qing , Weiqiang Wang , Jian Liu

Benchmarks are paramount for gauging progress in the domain of Mobile GUI Agents. In practical scenarios, users frequently fail to articulate precise directives containing full task details at the onset, and their expressions are typically…

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models are advancing rapidly, yet the tension between mutual trust and security remains underexplored. We introduce and empirically validate the Trust-Vulnerability Paradox (TVP): increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zijie Xu , Minfeng Qi , Shiqing Wu , Lefeng Zhang , Qiwen Wei , Han He , Ningran Li

Developing intelligent agents capable of operating a wide range of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) with human-level proficiency is a key milestone on the path toward Artificial General Intelligence. While most existing datasets and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sen Chen , Tong Zhao , Yi Bin , Fei Ma , Wenqi Shao , Zheng Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based mobile agents have made significant performance advancements. However, these agents often follow explicit user instructions while overlooking personalized needs, leading to significant limitations for real…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shuoxin Wang , Chang Liu , Gowen Loo , Lifan Zheng , Kaiwen Wei , Xinyi Zeng , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) based autonomous agents demonstrate multifaceted capabilities to contribute substantially to economic production. However, existing benchmarks remain focused on single agentic capability, failing to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Keyu Li , Junhao Shi , Yang Xiao , Mohan Jiang , Jie Sun , Yunze Wu , Dayuan Fu , Shijie Xia , Xiaojie Cai , Tianze Xu , Weiye Si , Wenjie Li , Dequan Wang , Pengfei Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are transforming the capabilities of graphical user interface (GUI) agents, facilitating their transition from controlled simulations to complex, real-world applications across various platforms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Boyu Gou , Ruohan Wang , Boyuan Zheng , Yanan Xie , Cheng Chang , Yiheng Shu , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Chi Zhang , Zhao Yang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yucheng Han , Xin Chen , Zebiao Huang , Bin Fu , Gang Yu

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) assistants holds significant promise for enhancing human workflow productivity. While most agents are language-based, relying on closed-source API with text-rich meta-information (e.g., HTML or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Zhengyuan Yang , Shiwei Wu , Zechen Bai , Weixian Lei , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

The development of high-quality datasets is crucial for benchmarking and advancing research in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. Despite their importance, existing datasets are often constructed under idealized conditions, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jingqi Yang , Zhilong Song , Jiawei Chen , Mingli Song , Sheng Zhou , linjun sun , Xiaogang Ouyang , Chun Chen , Can Wang

The investigation of factors contributing at making humans trust Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will play a fundamental role in the adoption of such technology. The user's ability to form a mental model of the AV, which is crucial to establish…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Lia Morra , Fabrizio Lamberti , F. Gabriele Pratticó , Salvatore La Rosa , Paolo Montuschi

Agent-based models (ABMs) and video games, including those taking advantage of virtual reality (VR), have undergone a remarkable parallel evolution, achieving impressive levels of complexity and sophistication. This paper argues that while…

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents have advanced rapidly but still struggle with complex tasks involving novel UI elements, long-horizon actions, and personalized trajectories. In this work, we introduce Instruction Agent, a GUI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinheng Li , Hailey Hultquist , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida