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We introduce Meta MLGym and MLGym-Bench, a new framework and benchmark for evaluating and developing LLM agents on AI research tasks. This is the first Gym environment for machine learning (ML) tasks, enabling research on reinforcement…

Instruction following refers to the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs that satisfy all specified constraints. Existing research has primarily focused on constraint categories, offering limited evaluation dimensions…

Large Language Models (LLMs) based autonomous agents demonstrate multifaceted capabilities to contribute substantially to economic production. However, existing benchmarks remain focused on single agentic capability, failing to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Keyu Li , Junhao Shi , Yang Xiao , Mohan Jiang , Jie Sun , Yunze Wu , Dayuan Fu , Shijie Xia , Xiaojie Cai , Tianze Xu , Weiye Si , Wenjie Li , Dequan Wang , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents have made impressive progress in reasoning and tool use, enabling them to solve complex tasks. However, their ability to proactively collaborate with users, especially when goals are vague,…

Current large language models (LLMs) excel in verifiable domains where outputs can be checked before action but prove less reliable for high-stakes strategic decisions with uncertain outcomes. This gap, driven by mutually reinforcing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Alejandro R. Jadad

In real-world task-oriented dialogue (TOD) settings, agents are required to strictly adhere to complex instructions while conducting multi-turn conversations with customers. These instructions are typically presented in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sarik Ghazarian , Abhinav Gullapalli , Swair Shah , Anurag Beniwal , Nanyun Peng , Narayanan Sadagopan , Zhou Yu

While large language models (LLMs) can solve PhD-level reasoning problems over long context inputs, they still struggle with a seemingly simpler task: following explicit length instructions-e.g., write a 10,000-word novel. Additionally,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wei Zhang , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Junfeng Fang , Yuanhe Zhang , Rui Wang , Ge Zhang , Xavier Li , Li Sun , Lingjuan Lyu , Yang Liu , Sen Su

Large multimodal models (LMMs) excel in adhering to human instructions. However, self-contradictory instructions may arise due to the increasing trend of multimodal interaction and context length, which is challenging for language beginners…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jin Gao , Lei Gan , Yuankai Li , Yixin Ye , Dequan Wang

We introduce MLRC-Bench, a benchmark designed to quantify how effectively language agents can tackle challenging Machine Learning (ML) Research Competitions, with a focus on open research problems that demand novel methodologies. Unlike…

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

Large language models (LLMs) excel at solving problems with clear and complete statements, but often struggle with nuanced environments or interactive tasks which are common in most real-world scenarios. This highlights the critical need…

As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

The adeptness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in comprehending and following natural language instructions is critical for their deployment in sophisticated real-world applications. Existing evaluations mainly focus on fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Tao Zhang , Chenglin Zhu , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Yan Zhang , Hao Liang , Tao Zhang , Fan Yang , Mingan Lin , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang , Zenan Zhou

With the development and widespread application of large language models (LLMs), the new paradigm of "Model as Product" is rapidly evolving, and demands higher capabilities to address complex user needs, often requiring precise workflow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Tao Zou , Xinghua Zhang , Haiyang Yu , Minzheng Wang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Multi-agent systems using large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains. However, current agent communication suffers from verbose output that overload context and increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danqing Wang , Da Yin , Ruta Desai , Lei Li , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ansong Ni

Modern coding scaffolds turn LLMs into capable software agents, but their ability to follow scaffold-specified instructions remains under-examined, especially when constraints are heterogeneous and persist across interactions. To fill this…

Recent advances in mathematical reasoning and the long-term planning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have precipitated the development of agents, which are being increasingly leveraged in business operations processes. Decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xuhua Zhao , Yuxuan Xie , Caihua Chen , Yuxiang Sun

As large language models (LLMs) become high-privilege agents in risk-sensitive settings, they introduce systemic threats beyond hallucination, where minor compliance errors can cause critical data leaks. However, existing benchmarks focus…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jinru Ding , Chao Ding , Yidong Jiang , Wenrao Pang , Boyi Xiao , Zhiqiang Liu , Jiayuan Chen , Yun Zhong , Tiantian Yuan , Junming Guan , Dawei Cheng , Jie Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

The ability to recognize patterns from examples and apply them to new ones is a primal ability for general intelligence, and is widely studied by psychology and AI researchers. Many benchmarks have been proposed to measure such ability for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kai Yan , Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Yifan Yang , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen