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Large language models (LLMs) produce responses rated as highly empathic in single-turn settings (Ayers et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2024), yet they are also known to be formulaic generators that reuse the same lexical patterns, syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongli Zhan , Emma S. Gueorguieva , Javier Hernandez , Jina Suh , Desmond C. Ong , Junyi Jessy Li

Empathetic Conversational Systems (ECS) are built to respond empathetically to the user's emotions and sentiments, regardless of the application domain. Current ECS studies evaluation approaches are restricted to offline evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Siyuan Brandon Loh

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning tasks through enhanced chain-of-thought capabilities. However, this advancement also introduces novel safety risks, as these models become increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yinan Xia , Yilei Jiang , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Xiangyu Yue , Bo Zheng

There are growing concerns about the risks posed by AI companion applications designed for emotional engagement. Existing safety evaluations often rely on self-reported user data or interviews, offering limited insights into real-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Prerna Juneja , Lika Lomidze

As LLMs gain persuasive capabilities through extended dialogues, they create new opportunities for studying adversarial conversational behavior in extended interaction settings that traditional single-turn safety evaluations fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiangzhe Yuan , Zhenhao Zhang , Haoming Tang , Siying Hu

Self-adaptive systems increasingly operate in close interaction with humans, often sharing the same physical or virtual environments and making decisions with ethical implications at runtime. Current approaches typically encode ethics as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Marco Autili , Gianluca Filippone , Mashal Afzal Memon , Patrizio Pelliccione

Recent advances in natural language processing and machine learning have led to the development of chatbot models, such as ChatGPT, that can engage in conversational dialogue with human users. However, the ability of these models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Bocheng Chen , Guangjing Wang , Hanqing Guo , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

The proliferation of jailbreak attacks against large language models (LLMs) highlights the need for robust security measures. However, in multi-round dialogues, malicious intentions may be hidden in interactions, leading LLMs to be more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Weiyang Guo , Jing Li , Wenya Wang , YU LI , Daojing He , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

This paper explores the growing presence of emotionally responsive artificial intelligence through a critical and interdisciplinary lens. Bringing together the voices of early-career researchers from multiple fields, it explores how AI…

Research in Responsible AI has developed a range of principles and practices to ensure that machine learning systems are used in a manner that is ethical and aligned with human values. However, a critical yet often neglected aspect of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Neha R. Gupta , Jessica Hullman , Hari Subramonyam

An intelligent dialogue system in a multi-turn setting should not only generate the responses which are of good quality, but it should also generate the responses which can lead to long-term success of the dialogue. Although, the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Anant Khandelwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated multi-turn manipulation attacks, where adversaries strategically build context through seemingly benign conversational turns to circumvent safety measures and elicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Prashant Kulkarni , Assaf Namer

Understanding the reason for emotional support response is crucial for establishing connections between users and emotional support dialogue systems. Previous works mostly focus on generating better responses but ignore interpretability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tenggan Zhang , Xinjie Zhang , Jinming Zhao , Li Zhou , Qin Jin

Ethical dilemmas are a common challenge in everyday driving, requiring human drivers to balance competing priorities such as safety, efficiency, and rule compliance. However, much of the existing research in automated vehicles (AVs) has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Lucas Elbert Suryana , Saeed Rahmani , Simeon Craig Calvert , Arkady Zgonnikov , Bart van Arem

State-of-the-art conversational AI systems raise concerns due to their potential risks of generating unsafe, toxic, unethical, or dangerous content. Previous works have developed datasets to teach conversational agents the appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Souvik Das , Rohini K. Srihari

Social chatbots have gained immense popularity, and their appeal lies not just in their capacity to respond to the diverse requests from users, but also in the ability to develop an emotional connection with users. To further develop and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Avinash Madasu , Mauajama Firdaus , Asif Eqbal

Big models have greatly advanced AI's ability to understand, generate, and manipulate information and content, enabling numerous applications. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, their inherent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xiting Wang , Xing Xie

A dialogue is essentially a multi-turn interaction among interlocutors. Effective evaluation metrics should reflect the dynamics of such interaction. Existing automatic metrics are focused very much on the turn-level quality, while ignoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chen Zhang , Yiming Chen , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yan Zhang , Thomas Friedrichs , Grandee Lee , Haizhou Li

Ethical principles for algorithms are gaining importance as more and more stakeholders are affected by "high-risk" algorithmic decision-making (ADM) systems. Understanding how these systems work enables stakeholders to make informed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Timothée Schmude , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller , Sebastian Tschiatschek

Full-stack multimodal interaction in real-time is a central goal in building intelligent embodied agents capable of natural, dynamic communication. However, existing systems are either limited to unimodal generation or suffer from degraded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xiang Deng , Feng Gao , Yong Zhang , Youxin Pang , Xu Xiaoming , Zhuoliang Kang , Xiaoming Wei , Yebin Liu