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Adversarial training instances can severely distort a model's behavior. This work investigates certified regression defenses, which provide guaranteed limits on how much a regressor's prediction may change under a poisoning attack. Our key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Random-effects models are central to meta-analysis, yet the between-study variance is often underestimated when the number of studies is small. In such settings, confidence intervals become unduly narrow and fail to attain the nominal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Keisuke Hanada , Tomoyuki Sugimoto

Fairness in toxicity classification involves three integrated axes: ranking, calibration, and abstention. Training-time interventions and post-hoc safety mechanisms cannot be evaluated independently because the former determines the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mokshit Surana

It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing many hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-06-26 Jonathan Rosenblatt

To estimate the causal effect of an intervention, researchers need to identify a control group that represents what might have happened to the treatment group in the absence of that intervention. This is challenging without a randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-20 Robert Pickett , Jennifer Hill , Sarah Cowan

In many scientific experiments, the data annotating cost constraints the pace for testing novel hypotheses. Yet, modern machine learning pipelines offer a promising solution, provided their predictions yield correct conclusions. We focus on…

Modern multi-centre randomized controlled trials (MCRCTs) collect massive amounts of tabular data, and are monitored intensively for irregularities by humans. We began by empirically evaluating 6 modern machine learning-based outlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Walter Nelson , Jonathan Ranisau , Jeremy Petch

Relation Classification (RC) in biomedical texts is essential for constructing knowledge graphs and enabling applications such as drug repurposing and clinical decision-making. We propose an error-aware teacher--student framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Sinchani Chakraborty , Sudeshna Sarkar , Pawan Goyal

Clustering and dependence are common in trials. For example, in some cluster randomized trials (CRTs), pre-existing clusters are enrolled, randomized, and serve as the basis of intervention delivery. Such CRTs are "fully clustered":…

Misclassification in binary outcomes is not uncommon and statistical methods to investigate its impact on policy-driving study results are lacking. While misclassifying binary outcomes is a statistically ubiquitous phenomena, we focus on…

Objective: ML-based clinical risk prediction models are increasingly used to support decision-making in healthcare. While class-imbalance correction techniques are commonly applied to improve model performance in settings with rare…

Practical machine learning systems often operate in multiple sequential stages, as seen in ranking and recommendation systems, which typically include a retrieval phase followed by a ranking phase. Effectively assessing prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yunpeng Xu , Mufang Ying , Wenge Guo , Zhi Wei

The partial monitoring (PM) framework provides a theoretical formulation of sequential learning problems with incomplete feedback. On each round, a learning agent plays an action while the environment simultaneously chooses an outcome. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Maxime Heuillet , Ola Ahmad , Audrey Durand

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) has proven effective for efficient LLM evaluation on multiple-choice benchmarks, but modern LLM evaluation increasingly relies on generation tasks where outputs are scored continuously rather than marked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Esma Balkır , Alice Pernthaller , Marco Basaldella , José Hernández-Orallo , Nigel Collier

Here we propose a novel searching scheme for a tuning parameter in high-dimensional penalized regression methods to address variable selection and modeling when sample sizes are limited compared to the data dimensions. Our method is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-11 Tao Jiang , Stephanie J. London , Mi Kyeong Lee , Josyf C. Mychaleckyj , Alison A. Motsinger-Reif

Sequential tests and their implied confidence sequences, which are valid at arbitrary stopping times, promise flexible statistical inference and on-the-fly decision making. However, strong guarantees are limited to parametric sequential…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Aurelien Bibaut , Nathan Kallus , Michael Lindon

Real-world classification domains, such as medicine, health and safety, and finance, often exhibit imbalanced class priors and have asynchronous misclassification costs. In such cases, the classification model must achieve a high recall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Michał Koziarski , Colin Bellinger , Michał Woźniak

Conditional independence tests (CIT) are widely used for causal discovery and feature selection. Even with false discovery rate (FDR) control procedures, they often fail to provide frequentist guarantees in practice. We highlight two common…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-25 Milleno Pan , Antoine de Mathelin , Wesley Tansey

Foundation models often generate unreliable answers, while heuristic uncertainty estimators fail to fully distinguish correct from incorrect outputs, causing users to accept erroneous answers without any statistical guarantee. We address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Wang , Aniri , Tianlong Chen , Yue Zhang , Heng Tao Shen , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

This article develops design-based ratio estimators for clustered, blocked randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with an application to a federally funded, school-based RCT testing the effects of behavioral health interventions. We consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-31 Peter Z. Schochet , Nicole E. Pashley , Luke W. Miratrix , Tim Kautz