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Humans navigate in their environment by learning a mental model of the world through passive observation and active interaction. Their world model allows them to anticipate what might happen next and act accordingly with respect to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Anthony Hu

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models via reinforcement learning (RL) in learned world models has emerged as an effective strategy to adapt to new tasks without costly real-world interactions. However, while using imagined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yucen Wang , Rui Yu , Fengming Zhang , Junjie Lu , Xinyao Qin , Tianxiang Zhang , Kaixin Wang , Li Zhao

Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets encode rich visual and linguistic knowledge, making them a strong foundation for robotics. Rather than training robotic policies from scratch, recent approaches…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide a promising paradigm for robot learning by integrating visual perception with language-guided policy learning. However, most existing approaches rely on 2D visual inputs to perform actions in 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yicheng Feng , Wanpeng Zhang , Ye Wang , Hao Luo , Haoqi Yuan , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

Recent successes in autoregressive (AR) generation models, such as the GPT series in natural language processing, have motivated efforts to replicate this success in visual tasks. Some works attempt to extend this approach to autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xiaotao Hu , Wei Yin , Mingkai Jia , Junyuan Deng , Xiaoyang Guo , Qian Zhang , Xiaoxiao Long , Ping Tan

In the rapidly evolving landscape of autonomous driving, the capability to accurately predict future events and assess their implications is paramount for both safety and efficiency, critically aiding the decision-making process. World…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Zhenning Li , Jia Hu , Runze Yuan , Yunjian Li , Guohui Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

World models, generative AI systems that simulate how environments evolve, are transforming autonomous driving, yet all existing approaches adopt an ego-vehicle perspective, leaving the infrastructure viewpoint unexplored. We argue that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Siyuan Meng , Chengbo Ai

Robotic manipulation, a key frontier in robotics and embodied AI, requires precise motor control and multimodal understanding, yet traditional rule-based methods fail to scale or generalize in unstructured, novel environments. In recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rui Shao , Wei Li , Lingsen Zhang , Renshan Zhang , Zhiyang Liu , Ran Chen , Liqiang Nie

Recent advancements in autonomous driving (AD) have explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) within visual question answering (VQA) frameworks for direct driving decision-making. However, these approaches often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xin Hu , Taotao Jing , Renran Tian , Zhengming Ding

The advancement of autonomous driving technologies necessitates increasingly sophisticated methods for understanding and predicting real-world scenarios. Vision language models (VLMs) are emerging as revolutionary tools with significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yongjie Fu , Anmol Jain , Xuan Di , Xu Chen , Zhaobin Mo

Vision-Language-Action~(VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, yet they still struggle to generalize to unseen tasks that necessitate transferring relevant experience across objects, scenes, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shengyu Si , Yuanzhuo Lu , Ruimeng Yang , Ziyi Ye , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recent work has begun to equip vision-language-action (VLA) policies with explicit intermediate reasoning. In embodied control, however, textual chain-of-thought is a poor fit: irrelevant or weakly textual information can interfere with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mingjian Gao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yuqian Yuan , Yang Dai , Binhe Yu , Zheqi Lv , Haoyu Zheng , Jiaqi Zhu , Zhiqi Ge , Zixuan Wan , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

In autonomous driving, end-to-end planners directly utilize raw sensor data, enabling them to extract richer scene features and reduce information loss compared to traditional planners. This raises a crucial research question: how can we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingyan Li , Lue Fan , Jiawei He , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Tieniu Tan

Humans learn not only how their bodies move, but also how the surrounding world responds to their actions. In contrast, while recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit impressive semantic understanding, they often fail to capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jisoo Kim , Jungbin Cho , Sanghyeok Chu , Ananya Bal , Jinhyung Kim , Gunhee Lee , Sihaeng Lee , Seung Hwan Kim , Bohyung Han , Hyunmin Lee , Laszlo A. Jeni , Seungryong Kim

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful framework that unifies perception, language, and control, enabling robots to perform diverse tasks through multimodal understanding. However, current VLA models typically…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Confidence estimation for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is essential for robots to perform manipulation tasks in the open world, providing crucial signals for risk-sensitive decision-making and failure anticipation. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dehao Huang , Aoxiang Gu , Chengjie Zhang , Bolin Zou , Wenlong Dong , Zilang Cen , Yue Wang , Hong Zhang

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao
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