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The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn growing interest within the scientific community. LLMs can handle large volumes of textual data and support methods for evidence synthesis. Although recent studies highlight the potential of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cauã Ferreira Barros , Marcos Kalinowski , Mohamad Kassab , Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced recommendation capabilities through enhanced reasoning, but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment due to high inference costs. Conversely, while Small Language Models (SLMs) offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Prosenjit Biswas , Pervez Shaik , Abhinav Thorat , Ravi Kolla , Niranjan Pedanekar

By conditioning on natural language instructions, large language models (LLMs) have displayed impressive capabilities as general-purpose computers. However, task performance depends significantly on the quality of the prompt used to steer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yongchao Zhou , Andrei Ioan Muresanu , Ziwen Han , Keiran Paster , Silviu Pitis , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

While large language models (LLMs) equipped with techniques like chain-of-thought prompting have demonstrated impressive capabilities, they still fall short in their ability to reason robustly in complex settings. However, evaluating LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zayne Sprague , Xi Ye , Kaj Bostrom , Swarat Chaudhuri , Greg Durrett

This paper describes the IUST NLP Lab submission to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics Shared Task at the Eval4NLP 2023 Workshop on Evaluation & Comparison of NLP Systems. We have proposed a zero-shot prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ghazaleh Mahmoudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated profound impact on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their effective deployment across diverse domains often require domain-specific adaptation strategies, as generic models may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jingyi Wang , Hongyuan Zhu , Ye Niu , Yunhui Deng

In this study, we propose a structured methodology that utilizes large language models (LLMs) in a cost-efficient and parsimonious manner, integrating the strengths of scholars and machines while offsetting their respective weaknesses. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Navid Asgari , Benjamin M. Cole

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive abilities for multimodal content comprehension and reasoning with proper prompting in zero- or few-shot settings. Despite the proliferation of interactive systems developed to support…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jianben He , Xingbo Wang , Shiyi Liu , Guande Wu , Claudio Silva , Huamin Qu

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Evaluating LLMs with a single prompt has proven unreliable, with small changes leading to significant performance differences. However, generating the prompt variations needed for a more robust multi-prompt evaluation is challenging,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Eliya Habba , Noam Dahan , Gili Lior , Gabriel Stanovsky

Text simplification (TS) refers to the process of reducing the complexity of a text while retaining its original meaning and key information. Existing work only shows that large language models (LLMs) have outperformed supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jipeng Qiang , Minjiang Huang , Yi Zhu , Yunhao Yuan , Chaowei Zhang , Kui Yu

Text clustering serves as a fundamental technique for organizing and interpreting unstructured textual data, particularly in contexts where manual annotation is prohibitively costly. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Chen Huang , Guoxiu He

Task embedding, a meta-learning technique that captures task-specific information, has gained popularity, especially in areas such as multi-task learning, model editing, and interpretability. However, it faces challenges with the emergence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Xinyu Wang , Hainiu Xu , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Despite the successes of language models, their evaluation remains a daunting challenge for new and existing tasks. We consider the task of text simplification, commonly used to improve information accessibility, where evaluation faces two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Joseph Liu , Yoonsoo Nam , Xinyue Cui , Swabha Swayamdipta

To help users do complex work, researchers have developed techniques to integrate AI and human intelligence into user interfaces (UIs). With the recent introduction of large language models (LLMs), which can generate text in response to a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Stephen MacNeil , Andrew Tran , Joanne Kim , Ziheng Huang , Seth Bernstein , Dan Mogil

Large language models (LLMs) have gained popularity in recent years for their utility in various applications. However, they are sensitive to non-semantic changes in prompt formats, where small changes in the prompt format can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Lilian Ngweta , Kiran Kate , Jason Tsay , Yara Rizk

From grading papers to summarizing medical documents, large language models (LLMs) are evermore used for evaluation of text generated by humans and AI alike. However, despite their extensive utility, LLMs exhibit distinct failure modes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Hosein Hasanbeig , Hiteshi Sharma , Leo Betthauser , Felipe Vieira Frujeri , Ida Momennejad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to refactor unit tests, improving readability and structure while preserving behavior. Evaluating such refactorings, however, remains difficult: metrics like CodeBLEU penalize beneficial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wendkûuni C. Ouédraogo , Yinghua Li , Xueqi Dang , Xin Zhou , Anil Koyuncu , Jacques Klein , David Lo , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

The large language model (LLM) has garnered significant attention due to its in-context learning mechanisms and emergent capabilities. The research community has conducted several pilot studies to apply LLMs to machine translation tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xinyi Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Junchao Wu , Lidia S. Chao