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The significant computational demands of large language models have increased interest in distilling reasoning abilities into smaller models via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) distillation. Current CoT distillation methods mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yao Chen , Jiawei Sheng , Wenyuan Zhang , Tingwen Liu

Efficient reasoning distillation for long chain-of-thought (CoT) models is increasingly constrained by the assumption of a single oracle teacher, despite the practical availability of multiple candidate teachers and growing CoT corpora. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhanming Shen , Zeyu Qin , Zenan Huang , Hao Chen , Jiaqi Hu , Yihong Zhuang , Guoshan Lu , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

Knowledge distillation aims at obtaining a compact and effective model by learning the mapping function from a much larger one. Due to the limited capacity of the student, the student would underfit the teacher. Therefore, student…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Jia Guo , Minghao Chen , Yao Hu , Chen Zhu , Xiaofei He , Deng Cai

The performance of a distillation-based compressed network is governed by the quality of distillation. The reason for the suboptimal distillation of a large network (teacher) to a smaller network (student) is largely attributed to the gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Vibhas Vats , David Crandall

In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of the efficacy of knowledge distillation and its dependence on student and teacher architectures. Starting with the observation that more accurate teachers often don't make good teachers, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Jang Hyun Cho , Bharath Hariharan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable capabilities but typically requires prohibitive parameter scales. CoT distillation has emerged as a promising paradigm to transfer reasoning prowess into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jin Cui , Jiaqi Guo , Ruixuan Yang , Jiayi Lu , Jiepeng Zhou , Jiajun Xu , Jiangcheng Song , Boran Zhao , Pengju Ren

Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation trains a smaller model to imitate a teacher's reasoning trace, but it is typically evaluated by final-answer metrics including accuracy. We ask whether gains in answer quality are accompanied by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhaoyang Jiang , Xuanqi Peng , Fei Teng , Zhizhong Fu , Yunsoo Kim , Jiacong Mi , Zicheng Li , Honghan Wu

Large language models (LMs) beyond a certain scale, demonstrate the emergent capability of generating free-text rationales for their predictions via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. While CoT can yield dramatically improved performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Peifeng Wang , Zhengyang Wang , Zheng Li , Yifan Gao , Bing Yin , Xiang Ren

Data-centric distillation, including data augmentation, selection, and mixing, offers a promising path to creating smaller, more efficient student Large Language Models (LLMs) that retain strong reasoning abilities. However, there still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ruichen Zhang , Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Dawei Li , Song Wang , Tianlong Chen

The crux of knowledge distillation is to effectively train a resource-limited student model with the guide of a pre-trained larger teacher model. However, when there is a large difference between the model complexities of teacher and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Aryan Asadian , Amirali Salehi-Abari

Language model (LM) distillation aims at distilling the knowledge in a large teacher LM to a small student one. As a critical issue facing LM distillation, a superior student often arises from a teacher of a relatively small scale instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chen Zhang , Qiuchi Li , Dawei Song , Zheyu Ye , Yan Gao , Yan Hu

Distilling Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning from large language models into compact student models presents a fundamental challenge: teacher rationales are often too verbose for smaller models to faithfully reproduce. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Bowen Yu , Maolin Wang , Sheng Zhang , Binhao Wang , Yi Wen , Jingtong Gao , Bowen Liu , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Xiangyu Zhao

Despite the fact that deep neural networks are powerful models and achieve appealing results on many tasks, they are too large to be deployed on edge devices like smartphones or embedded sensor nodes. There have been efforts to compress…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Seyed-Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Ang Li , Nir Levine , Akihiro Matsukawa , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting is a widely used method to improve the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). More recently, CoT has been leveraged in Knowledge Distillation (KD) to transfer reasoning capability from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Cong-Thanh Do , Rama Doddipatla , Kate Knill

Recent years have witnessed dramatically improvements in the knowledge distillation, which can generate a compact student model for better efficiency while retaining the model effectiveness of the teacher model. Previous studies find that:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Lehan Yang , Jincen Song

Knowledge distillation compresses a larger neural model (teacher) into smaller, faster student models by training them to match teacher outputs. However, the internal computational transformations that occur during this process remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Reilly Haskins , Benjamin Adams

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks, and distilling their reasoning capabilities into smaller models has shown promise. However, we uncover an interesting phenomenon, which we term the Small Model Learnability Gap:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuetai Li , Xiang Yue , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation aims to enhance small language models' (SLMs) reasoning by transferring multi-step reasoning capability from the larger teacher models. However, existing work underestimates rationale quality, focusing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jianzhi Yan , Le Liu , Youcheng Pan , Shiwei Chen , Yang Xiang , Buzhou Tang

Knowledge Distillation (KD) could transfer the ``dark knowledge" of a well-performed yet large neural network to a weaker but lightweight one. From the view of output logits and softened probabilities, this paper goes deeper into the dark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Wen-Shu Fan , Xin-Chun Li , De-Chuan Zhan

Training a small student network with the guidance of a larger teacher network is an effective way to promote the performance of the student. Despite the different types, the guided knowledge used to distill is always kept unchanged for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Jiangfan Han , Mengya Gao , Yujie Wang , Quanquan Li , Hongsheng Li , Xiaogang Wang
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