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Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) is a popular method for estimating out-of-sample predictive accuracy. However, computing LOO-CV criteria can be computationally expensive due to the need to fit the model multiple times. In the…

Computation · Statistics 2023-09-28 Luca Silva , Giacomo Zanella

Scene-Graph Generation (SGG) seeks to recognize objects in an image and distill their salient pairwise relationships. Most methods depend on dataset-specific supervision to learn the variety of interactions, restricting their usefulness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Amartya Dutta , Kazi Sajeed Mehrab , Medha Sawhney , Abhilash Neog , Mridul Khurana , Sepideh Fatemi , Aanish Pradhan , M. Maruf , Ismini Lourentzou , Arka Daw , Anuj Karpatne

While modern visual generation models excel at creating aesthetically pleasing natural images, they struggle with producing or editing structured visuals like charts, diagrams, and mathematical figures, which demand composition planning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Le Zhuo , Songhao Han , Yuandong Pu , Boxiang Qiu , Sayak Paul , Yue Liao , Yihao Liu , Jie Shao , Xi Chen , Si Liu , Hongsheng Li

Semantic segmentation takes pivotal roles in various applications such as autonomous driving and medical image analysis. When deploying segmentation models in practice, it is critical to test their behaviors in varied and complex scenes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zijin Yin , Bing Li , Kongming Liang , Hao Sun , Zhongjiang He , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Guo

Generating structured, editable diagrams remains a significant challenge for contemporary large language models, despite their proficiency in general-purpose vector code generation. The primary difficulty lies in the structural fragility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sifan Li , Yujun Cai , Hongkai Chen , Yiwei Wang

Recently, new methods for model assessment, based on subsampling and posterior approximations, have been proposed for scaling leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) to large datasets. Although these methods work well for estimating predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-12 Måns Magnusson , Michael Riis Andersen , Johan Jonasson , Aki Vehtari

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach that enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate external knowledge. However, evaluating the effectiveness of RAG systems in specialized scenarios remains challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Yifan Luo , Dingling Xu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Ruobing Wang , Shuo Wang , Yishan Li , Nan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Structural generalization in semantic parsing requires systems to apply learned compositional rules to novel structural combinations. Existing approaches either rely on hand-written algebraic rules (AM-Parser) or fail to generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zichao Wei

When answering questions about images, humans naturally point, label, and draw to explain their reasoning. In contrast, modern vision-language models (VLMs) such as Gemini-3-Pro and GPT-5 only respond with text, which can be difficult for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Brandon Collins , Logan Bolton , Hung Huy Nguyen , Mohammad Reza Taesiri , Trung Bui , Anh Totti Nguyen

LLMs have achieved strong results on both function-level code synthesis and repository-level code modification, yet a capability that falls between these two extremes -- compositional code creation, i.e., building a complete, internally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yeheng Chen , Chaoxiang Xie , Yuling Shi , Wenhao Zeng , Yongpan Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Xiaodong Gu

We propose a novel approach to image generation by decomposing an image into a structured sequence, where each element in the sequence shares the same spatial resolution but differs in the number of unique tokens used, capturing different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yikai Wang , Zhouxia Wang , Zhonghua Wu , Qingyi Tao , Kang Liao , Chen Change Loy

As LLMs are globally deployed, aligning their cultural value orientations is critical for safety and user engagement. However, existing benchmarks face the Construct-Composition-Context ($C^3$) challenge: relying on discriminative,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jaehyeok Lee , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Hyunjin Hwang , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Xing Xie , JinYeong Bak

Existing LLM-as-a-Judge approaches for evaluating text generation suffer from rating inconsistencies, with low agreement and high rating variance across different evaluator models. We attribute this to subjective evaluation criteria…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yukyung Lee , Joonghoon Kim , Jaehee Kim , Hyowon Cho , Jaewook Kang , Pilsung Kang , Najoung Kim

Generative video models are increasingly used in design animation tasks, yet no standardized evaluation framework exists for this domain. Unlike natural video generation, design animation imposes structured constraints: specific components…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Adrienne Deganutti , Dingning Cao , Jaejung Seol , Elad Hirsch , Purvanshi Mehta

Many real-world user queries (e.g. "How do to make egg fried rice?") could benefit from systems capable of generating responses with both textual steps with accompanying images, similar to a cookbook. Models designed to generate interleaved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Ruoxi Chen , Shu Pu , Zhaoyi Liu , Yanru Wu , Caixi Chen , Benlin Liu , Yue Huang , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Ranjay Krishna

Architecture erosion has a detrimental effect on maintenance and evolution, as the implementation deviates from the intended architecture. Detecting symptoms of erosion, particularly architectural violations, at an early stage is crucial.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Paris Avgeriou

Unlike bitmap images, scalable vector graphics (SVG) maintain quality when scaled, frequently employed in computer vision and artistic design in the representation of SVG code. In this era of proliferating AI-powered systems, enabling AI to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jinke Li , Jiarui Yu , Chenxing Wei , Hande Dong , Qiang Lin , Liangjing Yang , Zhicai Wang , Yanbin Hao

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs), trained on extensive datasets of image-text pairs, exhibit strong multimodal understanding capabilities by implicitly learning associations between textual descriptions and image regions. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mir Rayat Imtiaz Hossain , Mennatullah Siam , Leonid Sigal , James J. Little

Vision and language models (VLMs) such as CLIP have showcased remarkable zero-shot recognition abilities yet face challenges in visio-linguistic compositionality, particularly in linguistic comprehension and fine-grained image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Youngtaek Oh , Pyunghwan Ahn , Jinhyung Kim , Gwangmo Song , Soonyoung Lee , In So Kweon , Junmo Kim

In the field of computer graphics, the use of vector graphics, particularly Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), represents a notable development from traditional pixel-based imagery. SVGs, with their XML-based format, are distinct in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Tong Zhang , Haoyang Liu , Peiyan Zhang , Yuxuan Cheng , Haohan Wang