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Real-world data is often ambiguous; for example, human annotation produces instances with multiple conflicting class labels. Partial-label learning (PLL) aims at training a classifier in this challenging setting, where each instance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

Automating the classification of negative treatment in legal precedent is a critical yet nuanced NLP task where misclassification carries significant risk. To address the shortcomings of standard accuracy, this paper introduces a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 M. Mikail Demir , M. Abdullah Canbaz

High-quality data is crucial for the success of machine learning, but labeling large datasets is often a time-consuming and costly process. While semi-supervised learning can help mitigate the need for labeled data, label quality remains an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Tim Michels , Jakob Nazarenus , Monty Santarossa , Claudius Zelenka , Reinhard Koch

This work details Sighthounds fully automated license plate detection and recognition system. The core technology of the system is built using a sequence of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) interlaced with accurate and efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Syed Zain Masood , Guang Shu , Afshin Dehghan , Enrique G. Ortiz

The ability to rigorously estimate the failure rates of large language models (LLMs) is a prerequisite for their safe deployment. Currently, however, practitioners often face a tradeoff between expensive human gold standards and potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Minghe Shen , Ananth Balashankar , Adam Fisch , David Madras , Miguel Rodrigues

Large-scale multi-label classification datasets are commonly, and perhaps inevitably, partially annotated. That is, only a small subset of labels are annotated per sample. Different methods for handling the missing labels induce different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Emanuel Ben-Baruch , Tal Ridnik , Itamar Friedman , Avi Ben-Cohen , Nadav Zamir , Asaf Noy , Lihi Zelnik-Manor

Partial-label learning (PLL) generally focuses on inducing a noise-tolerant multi-class classifier by training on overly-annotated samples, each of which is annotated with a set of labels, but only one is the valid label. A basic promise of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yunfeng Zhao , Guoxian Yu , Lei Liu , Zhongmin Yan , Lizhen Cui , Carlotta Domeniconi

Machine learning has achieved much success on supervised learning tasks with large sets of well-annotated training samples. However, in many practical situations, such strong and high-quality supervision provided by training data is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Chengliang Tang , María Uriarte , Helen Jin , Douglas C. Morton , Tian Zheng

The CoNLL-03 corpus is arguably the most well-known and utilized benchmark dataset for named entity recognition (NER). However, prior works found significant numbers of annotation errors, incompleteness, and inconsistencies in the data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Susanna Rücker , Alan Akbik

License Plate Recognition plays an important role on the traffic monitoring and parking management. Administration and restriction of those transportation tools for their better service becomes very essential. In this paper, a fast and real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Reza Azad , Babak Azad , Hamid Reza Shayegh

Traditional license plate detection and recognition models are often trained on closed datasets, limiting their ability to handle the diverse license plate formats across different regions. The emergence of large-scale pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Haoxuan Ding , Qi Wang , Junyu Gao , Qiang Li

We present a YOLOv3-CNN pipeline for detecting vehicles, segregation of number plates, and local storage of final recognized characters. Vehicle identification is performed under various image correction schemes to determine the effect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Rajdeep Adak , Abhishek Kumbhar , Rajas Pathare , Sagar Gowda

While there are novel point cloud semantic segmentation schemes that continuously surpass state-of-the-art results, the success of learning an effective model usually rely on the availability of abundant labeled data. However, data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Puzuo Wang , Wei Yao

Multi-label learning is a challenging computer vision task that requires assigning multiple categories to each image. However, fully annotating large-scale datasets is often impractical due to high costs and effort, motivating the study of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Luong Tran , Thieu Vo , Anh Nguyen , Sang Dinh , Van Nguyen

Multi-label learning often requires identifying all relevant labels for training instances, but collecting full label annotations is costly and labor-intensive. In many datasets, only a single positive label is annotated per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Claes Lundström

Despite rich safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, which compromise safety guardrails and pose serious security risks. Existing detection methods mainly detect jailbreak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiao Lin , Philip Li , Zhichen Zeng , Tingwei Li , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Gaotang Li , Yuzhong Chen , Hanghang Tong

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Llama 2, show remarkable proficiency in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their effectiveness, the high costs associated with their use pose a challenge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bálint Csanády , Lajos Muzsai , Péter Vedres , Zoltán Nádasdy , András Lukács

License plate detection is the first and essential step of the license plate recognition system and is still challenging in real applications, such as on-road scenarios. In particular, small-sized and oblique license plates, mainly caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Song-Lu Chen , Shu Tian , Jia-Wei Ma , Qi Liu , Chun Yang , Feng Chen , Xu-Cheng Yin

We extend our previous work on Inductive Conformal Prediction (ICP) for multi-label text classification and present a novel approach for addressing the computational inefficiency of the Label Powerset (LP) ICP, arrising when dealing with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Lysimachos Maltoudoglou , Andreas Paisios , Ladislav Lenc , Jiří Martínek , Pavel Král , Harris Papadopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit hallucinations in long-form question-answering tasks across various domains and wide applications. Current hallucination detection and mitigation datasets are limited in domains and sizes, which struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuzhe Gu , Ziwei Ji , Wenwei Zhang , Chengqi Lyu , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen
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