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Related papers: Unified Multimodal Uncertain Inference

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Multimodal Large Languages models have been progressing from uni-modal understanding toward unifying visual, audio and language modalities, collectively termed omni models. However, the correlation between uni-modal and omni-modal remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chen Chen , ZeYang Hu , Fengjiao Chen , Liya Ma , Jiaxing Liu , Xiaoyu Li , Ziwen Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

Quantifying uncertainties for machine learning (ML) models is a foundational challenge in modern data analysis. This challenge is compounded by at least two key aspects of the field: (a) inconsistent terminology surrounding uncertainty and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shubhendu Trivedi , Brian D. Nord

Uncertainty quantification in automated image analysis is highly desired in many applications. Typically, machine learning models in classification or segmentation are only developed to provide binary answers; however, quantifying the…

Uncertainty quantification is essential for assessing the reliability and trustworthiness of modern AI systems. Among existing approaches, verbalized uncertainty, where models express their confidence through natural language, has emerged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weihao Xuan , Qingcheng Zeng , Heli Qi , Junjue Wang , Naoto Yokoya

Human Multimodal Language Understanding (MLU) aims to infer human intentions by integrating related cues from heterogeneous modalities. Existing works predominantly follow a ``learning to attend" paradigm, which maximizes mutual information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Menghua Jiang , Yuncheng Jiang , Haifeng Hu , Sijie Mai

Uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in medical practice, but current medical AI systems fail to explicitly quantify or communicate uncertainty in a way that aligns with clinical reasoning. Existing XAI works focus on interpreting model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xiuyi Fan

Safety evaluation and red-teaming of large language models remain predominantly text-centric, and existing frameworks lack the infrastructure to systematically test whether alignment generalizes to audio, image, and video inputs. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhongxi Wang , Yueqian Lin , Jingyang Zhang , Hai Helen Li , Yiran Chen

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate advanced reasoning abilities, enabling robots to understand natural language instructions and generate high-level plans with appropriate grounding. However, LLM hallucinations present a significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shiyuan Yin , Chenjia Bai , Zihao Zhang , Junwei Jin , Xinxin Zhang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Rigorous statistical methods, including parameter estimation with accompanying uncertainties, underpin the validity of scientific discovery, especially in the natural sciences. With increasingly complex data models such as deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Aurora Grefsrud , Nello Blaser , Trygve Buanes

Multi-modal learning focuses on training models by equally combining multiple input data modalities during the prediction process. However, this equal combination can be detrimental to the prediction accuracy because different modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Hu Wang , Jianpeng Zhang , Yuanhong Chen , Congbo Ma , Jodie Avery , Louise Hull , Gustavo Carneiro

Multi-Modal Learning (MML) integrates information from diverse modalities to improve predictive accuracy. While existing optimization strategies have made significant strides by mitigating gradient direction conflicts, we revisit MML from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Peizheng Guo , Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Jiahuan Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

To interpret uncertainty estimates from differentiable probabilistic models, recent work has proposed generating Counterfactual Latent Uncertainty Explanations (CLUEs). However, for a single input, such approaches could output a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Dan Ley , Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller

Multimodal machine learning has achieved remarkable progress in a wide range of scenarios. However, the reliability of multimodal learning remains largely unexplored. In this paper, through extensive empirical studies, we identify current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Huan Ma. Qingyang Zhang , Changqing Zhang , Bingzhe Wu , Huazhu Fu , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Hu

In real-world multimodal applications, systems usually need to comprehend arbitrarily combined and interleaved multimodal inputs from users, while also generating outputs in any interleaved multimedia form. This capability defines the goal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yanlin Li , Minghui Guo , Kaiwen Zhang , Shize Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Haodong Li , Congyue Zhou , Weijie Zheng , Yushen Yan , Shengqiong Wu , Wei Ji , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Reliable Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) and failure prediction remain open challenges for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). We introduce ViLU, a new Vision-Language Uncertainty quantification framework that contextualizes uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Marc Lafon , Yannis Karmim , Julio Silva-Rodríguez , Paul Couairon , Clément Rambour , Raphaël Fournier-Sniehotta , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz , Nicolas Thome

Probabilistic time-series forecasting enables reliable decision making across many domains. Most forecasting problems have diverse sources of data containing multiple modalities and structures. Leveraging information as well as uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Lingkai Kong , Alexander Rodríguez , Chao Zhang , B. Aditya Prakash

While Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable success in cross-modal comprehension, a significant gap persists in their ability to leverage such internal knowledge for high-quality generation. We formalize this discrepancy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ruiyan Han , Zhen Fang , XinYu Sun , Yuchen Ma , Ziheng Wang , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Wenxuan Huang , Wei-Jie Xu , Yi Cao , Feng Zhao

Contrastive pretraining models such as CLIP and CLAP, serve as the ubiquitous perceptual backbones for modern multimodal large models, yet their reliance on web-scale data raises growing concerns about memorizing Personally Identifiable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ruoxi Cheng , Yizhong Ding , Jian Zhao , Hongyi Zhang , Haoxuan Ma , Tianle Zhang , Yiyan Huang , Xuelong Li

As LLM-based judges become integral to industry applications, obtaining well-calibrated uncertainty estimates efficiently has become critical for production deployment. However, existing techniques, such as verbalized confidence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Eshika Saxena , Kenneth Li , Chenxi Whitehouse , Adina Williams , Nicola Cancedda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in various natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Previous studies suggest that LLMs' generation process involves uncertainty. However, existing approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu-Hsiang Wang , Andrew Bai , Che-Ping Tsai , Cho-Jui Hsieh