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Recent advances in quantum error correction (QEC) across hardware platforms have demonstrated operation near and beyond the fault-tolerance threshold, yet achieving exponential suppression of logical errors through code scaling remains a…

Quantum error correction with erasure qubits promises significant advantages over standard error correction due to favorable thresholds for erasure errors. To realize this advantage in practice requires a qubit for which nearly all errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Harry Levine , Arbel Haim , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Nasser Alidoust , Mahmoud Kalaee , Laura DeLorenzo , E. Alex Wollack , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Rohan Sanil , Hesam Moradinejad , Yotam Vaknin , Aleksander Kubica , David Hover , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Christopher Baek , James Barnett , Kaustubh Bawdekar , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harut Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Nicole Crisosto , Alexander M. Dalzell , Erik Davis , J. Mitch D'Ewart , Sandra Diez , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Essam Elkhouly , Michael Fang , Yawen Fang , Steven T. Flammia , Matthew J. Fling , Gabriel Garcia , M. Kabeer Gharzai , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Connor T. Hann , Yuan He , Steven Heidel , Sean Howell , Matthew Hunt , Joseph K. Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Liang Jiang , William M. Jones , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Davide Lasi , Menyoung Lee , Victor Ly , Gregory S. MacCabe , Neha Mahuli , Guillaume Marcaud , Matthew H. Matheny , Sam McArdle , Gavin McCabe , Gabe Merton , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Anurag Mishra , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Mahdi Naghiloo , Kyungjoo Noh , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , John Clai Owens , Jason Pagdilao , Ashley Panduro , J. -P. Paquette , Rishi N. Patel , Gregory A. Peairs , David J. Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , Harald Putterman , Gil Refael , Philip Reinhold , Rachel Resnick , Omar A. Reyna , Roberto Rodriguez , Jefferson Rose , Alex H. Rubin , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Thomas Scaffidi , Bhavik Shah , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Jared Sylvia , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , Mark Wistrom , Kailing Zhang , Ido Zuk , Aashish A. Clerk , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Alex Retzker , Oskar Painter

For useful quantum computation, error-corrected machines are required that can dramatically reduce the inevitable errors experienced by physical qubits. While significant progress has been made in approaching and exceeding the surface-code…

Erasure qubits are a promising platform for implementing hardware-efficient quantum error correction. Realizing the error-correction advantages of this encoding requires frequent mid-circuit erasure checks that are fast, high-fidelity, and…

Quantum computers are inherently noisy, and a crucial challenge for achieving large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing is to implement quantum error correction. A promising direction that has made rapid recent progress is to design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Maria Violaris , Luciana Henaut , James Wills , Gioele Consani , Jamie Friel , Brian Vlastakis

Erasure qubits are beneficial for quantum error correction due to their relaxed threshold requirements. While dual-rail erasure qubits have been demonstrated with a strong error hierarchy in circuit quantum electrodynamics, biased-erasure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Jiasheng Mai , Qiyu Liu , Xiaowei Deng , Yanyan Cai , Zhongchu Ni , Libo Zhang , Ling Hu , Pan Zheng , Song Liu , Yuan Xu , Dapeng Yu

Erasure qubits -- qubits designed to have an error profile that is dominated by detectable leakage errors -- are a promising way to cut down the resources needed for quantum error correction. There have been several recent experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Filippos Dakis , Shruti Puri , Sophia E. Economou , Edwin Barnes

Erasure qubits offer a promising avenue toward reducing the overhead of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. However, they require additional operations, such as erasure checks, that may add extra noise and increase runtime of QEC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Shouzhen Gu , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Aleksander Kubica

Qubits with predominantly erasure errors present distinctive advantages for quantum error correction(QEC) and fault tolerant quantum computing. Logical qubits based on dual-rail encoding that exploit erasure detection have been recently…

The design of quantum hardware that reduces and mitigates errors is essential for practical quantum error correction (QEC) and useful quantum computation. To this end, we introduce the circuit-Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) dual-rail qubit…

Dual-rail erasure qubits can substantially improve the efficiency of quantum error correction, allowing lower error rates to be achieved with fewer qubits, but each erasure qubit requires $3\times$ more transmons to implement compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Jason D. Chadwick , Mariesa H. Teo , Joshua Viszlai , Willers Yang , Frederic T. Chong

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. While superconducting qubits are among the most promising candidates for scalable QEC, their limited nearest-neighbor connectivity presents…

Amplitude damping is a dominant source of error in high performance quantum processors. A promising approach in quantum error correction is erasure error conversion, where errors are converted into detectable leakage states. Dual-rail…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 James Wills , Mohammad Tasnimul Haque , Brian Vlastakis

Qubits that experience predominantly erasure errors offer distinct advantages for fault-tolerant operation. Indeed, dual-rail encoded erasure qubits in superconducting cavities and transmons have demonstrated high-fidelity operations by…

A critical challenge in developing scalable error-corrected quantum systems is the accumulation of errors while performing operations and measurements. One promising approach is to design a system where errors can be detected and converted…

The overhead of quantum error correction (QEC) poses a major bottleneck for realizing fault-tolerant computation. To reduce this overhead, we exploit the idea of erasure qubits, relying on an efficient conversion of the dominant noise into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shouzhen Gu , Alex Retzker , Aleksander Kubica

Superconducting qubits are one of the most advanced candidates to realize scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite recent significant advancements in the qubit lifetimes, the origin of the loss mechanism for state-of-the-art…

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Harald Putterman , Kyungjoo Noh , Connor T. Hann , Gregory S. MacCabe , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Rishi N. Patel , Menyoung Lee , William M. Jones , Hesam Moradinejad , Roberto Rodriguez , Neha Mahuli , Jefferson Rose , John Clai Owens , Harry Levine , Emma Rosenfeld , Philip Reinhold , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Nasser Alidoust , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , James Barnett , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh A. Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harutiun Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Ming-Han Chou , Aashish Clerk , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Ana Valdes Curiel , Erik Davis , Laura DeLorenzo , J. Mitchell D'Ewart , Art Diky , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Shmuel Eisenmann , Essam Elkhouly , Glen Evenbly , Michael T. Fang , Yawen Fang , Matthew J. Fling , Warren Fon , Gabriel Garcia , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Julia A. Grant , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Arbel Haim , Justin Hand , Yuan He , Mike Hernandez , David Hover , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Matthew Hunt , Joe Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Jean-Christophe Jaskula , Liang Jiang , Mahmoud Kalaee , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Aleksander Kubica , Hanho Lee , Catherine Leroux , Simon Lieu , Victor Ly , Keven Villegas Madrigal , Guillaume Marcaud , Gavin McCabe , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Joaquin Minguzzi , Anurag Mishra , Biswaroop Mukherjee , Mahdi Naghiloo , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , Jason Pagdilao , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Panduro , JP Paquette , Minje Park , Gregory A. Peairs , David Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , John Preskill , Johnson Qiao , Gil Refael , Rachel Resnick , Alex Retzker , Omar A. Reyna , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Ernesto Sanchez , Rohan Sanil , Krishanu Sankar , Yuki Sato , Thomas Scaffidi , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , E. Alex Wollack , Yufeng Ye , Jessica A. Zerrudo , Kailing Zhang , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Matthew H. Matheny , Oskar Painter

Dissipative cat qubits are a promising physical platform for quantum computing, since their large noise bias can enable more hardware-efficient quantum error correction. In this work we theoretically study the long-term prospects of a…

Leakage outside of the qubit computational subspace poses a threatening challenge to quantum error correction (QEC). We propose a scheme using two leakage-reduction units (LRUs) that mitigate these issues for a transmon-based surface code,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Francesco Battistel , Boris M. Varbanov , Barbara M. Terhal
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