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Automated testing for REST APIs has become essential for ensuring the correctness and reliability of modern web services. While existing approaches primarily focus on detecting server crashes and error codes, they often overlook logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ke Zhang , Chenxi Zhang , Chong Wang , Chi Zhang , YaChen Wu , Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Qingshan Li , Xin Peng

Modern software is increasingly built by composing APIs, elevating the API contract to a critical role. Inadequate contracts, however, lead to mismatched expectations and failures, creating a pressing need for robust conformance testing.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 S M Sadrul Islam Asif , James Chen , Earl T. Barr , Mark Marron

REST APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces) are an indispensable building block in today's cloud-native applications, so testing them is critically important. However, writing automated tests for such REST…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Tolgahan Bardakci , Serge Demeyer , Mutlu Beyazit

Examples in web API specifications can be essential for API testing, API understanding, and even building chat-bots for APIs. Unfortunately, most API specifications lack human-written examples. This paper introduces a novel technique for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Kush Jain , Kiran Kate , Jason Tsay , Claire Le Goues , Martin Hirzel

In API testing, deriving logical constraints on API response bodies to be used as oracles is crucial for generating test cases and performing automated testing of RESTful APIs. However, existing approaches are restricted to dynamic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Hieu Huynh , Tri Le , Tu Nguyen , Viet Nguyen , Vu Nguyen , Tien N. Nguyen

By integrating tools from external APIs, Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded their promising capabilities in a diverse spectrum of complex real-world tasks. However, testing, evaluation, and analysis of LLM tool use remain in their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Da Song , Zhenlan Ji , Wenhan Wang , Shuai Wang , Lei Ma

Coverage closure is a critical requirement in Integrated Chip (IC) development process and key metric for verification sign-off. However, traditional exhaustive approaches often fail to achieve full coverage within project timelines. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Sivaram Pothireddypalli , Ashish Raman , Deepak Narayan Gadde , Aman Kumar

Perception of toxicity evolves over time and often differs between geographies and cultural backgrounds. Similarly, black-box commercially available APIs for detecting toxicity, such as the Perspective API, are not static, but frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Luiza Pozzobon , Beyza Ermis , Patrick Lewis , Sara Hooker

In addition to their vital role in professional software development, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are now increasingly used by non-professional programmers, including end users, scientists and experts from other domains.…

Tracing the sequence of library and system calls that a program makes is very helpful in the characterization of its interactions with the surrounding environment and ultimately of its semantics. Due to entanglements of real-world software…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Daniele Cono D'Elia , Simone Nicchi , Matteo Mariani , Matteo Marini , Federico Palmaro

Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, prompting the exploration of tool learning, which integrates LLMs with external tools to address diverse real-world challenges. Assessing the capability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Zhicheng Guo , Sijie Cheng , Hao Wang , Shihao Liang , Yujia Qin , Peng Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

Mass assignment is one of the most prominent vulnerabilities in RESTful APIs. This vulnerability originates from a misconfiguration in common web frameworks, such that naming convention and automatic binding can be exploited by an attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Davide Corradini , Michele Pasqua , Mariano Ceccato

REST APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces) play a vital role in modern cloud-native applications. As these APIs grow in complexity and scale, ensuring their correctness and robustness becomes increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Robbe Nooyens , Tolgahan Bardakci , Mutlu Beyazit , Serge Demeyer

Conversational AI is starting to support real clinical work, but most evaluation methods miss how compliance depends on the full course of a conversation. We introduce Obligatory-Information Phase Structured Compliance Evaluation (OIP-SCE),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shubham Kulkarni , Alexander Lyzhov , Shiva Chaitanya , Preetam Joshi

As REST APIs become an increasingly significant part of software systems, their validation is becoming more critical. Hence, testing and uncovering underlying issues are of utmost importance for improving software quality. However, testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shehroz Khan , Abdullah Mughees , Gaadha Sudheerbabu , Tanwir Ahmad , Dragos Truscan

We introduce a novel approach for testing static typing implementations based on the concept of API-driven program synthesis. The idea is to synthesize type-intensive but small and well-typed programs by leveraging and combining application…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Thodoris Sotiropoulos , Stefanos Chaliasos , Zhendong Su

This is the first work to report on inferential testing at scale in industry. Specifically, it reports the experience of automated testing of integrity systems at Meta. We built an internal tool called ALPACAS for automated inference of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Shreshth Tuli , Kinga Bojarczuk , Natalija Gucevska , Mark Harman , Xiao-Yu Wang , Graham Wright

The "black box" nature of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) presents critical limitations in reliability and transparency, fueling the debate around the "illusion of thinking" and the challenge of state hallucinations in agentic systems. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Antoni Guasch , Maria Isabel Valdez

With the growth of web applications, REST APIs have become the primary communication method between services. In order to ensure system reliability and security, software quality can be assured by effective testing methods. Black box fuzz…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Chung-Hsuan Tsai , Shi-Chun Tsai , Shih-Kun Huang

Test automation requires automated oracles to assess test outputs. For cyber physical systems (CPS), oracles, in addition to be automated, should ensure some key objectives: (i) they should check test outputs in an online manner to stop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Claudio Menghi , Shiva Nejati , Khouloud Gaaloul , Lionel Briand