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Current AI systems increasingly operate in contexts where their outputs directly trigger real-world actions. Most existing approaches to AI safety, risk management, and governance focus on post-hoc validation, probabilistic risk estimation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gadi Lavi

As AI agents increasingly operate in complex environments, ensuring reliable, context-aware privacy is critical for regulatory compliance. Traditional access controls are insufficient because privacy risks often arise after access is…

Prompt injection is the most critical vulnerability in deployed AI agents. Despite recent progress, we show that the prevailing defense paradigm (data-instruction separation) both fails to detect attacks that operate through contextual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sahar Abdelnabi , Eugene Bagdasarian

Modern AI agents routinely depend on secrets such as API keys and SSH credentials, yet the dominant deployment model still exposes those secrets directly to the agent process through environment variables, local files, or forwarding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shutong Jin , Ruiyi Guo , Ray C. C. Cheung

AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

To unleash the full potential of AI for Science, we must untether the agents from a purely digital environment. The agent's ability to control and explore in real-world labs is essential because the physical lab remains foundational to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Zhenning Yang , Yuhan Chen , Patrick Tser Jern Kon , Tongyuan Miao , Hongyi Lin , Venkat Viswanathan , Danai Koutra , Ang Chen

Autonomous agent systems increasingly trigger real-world side effects: deploying infrastructure, modifying databases, moving money, and executing workflows. Yet most agent stacks provide no mandatory execution checkpoint where organizations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Amjad Fatmi

AI agents are increasingly granted economic agency (executing trades, managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and spawning sub-agents), yet current frameworks gate this agency on capability benchmarks that are empirically uncorrelated with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rahul Baxi

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) can autonomously pursue long-term goals, make decisions, and execute complex, multi-turn workflows. Unlike traditional generative AI, which responds reactively to prompts, agentic AI proactively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

Agents are LLM-driven components that can mutate environments in powerful, arbitrary ways. Extracting guarantees for the execution of agents in production environments can be challenging due to asynchrony and failures. In this paper, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mahesh Balakrishnan , Ashwin Bharambe , Davide Testuggine , David Geraghty , David Mao , Vidhya Venkat , Ilya Mironov , Rithesh Baradi , Gayathri Aiyer , Victoria Dudin

As AI agents become increasingly autonomous and capable, ensuring their security against vulnerabilities such as prompt injection becomes critical. This paper explores the use of information-flow control (IFC) to provide security guarantees…

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

As AI systems gain increasing autonomy and execution capability, the number of discovered security vulnerabilities continues to rise. However, many of these vulnerabilities are not fundamentally novel, but instead reflect recurring classes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kevin Eykholt , Dhilung Kirat , Xiaokui Shu , Jiyong Jang , Frederico Araujo , Ian Molloy

Modern AI agents, driven by advances in large foundation models, promise to enhance our productivity and transform our lives by augmenting our knowledge and capabilities. To achieve this vision, AI agents must effectively plan, perform…

We argue that trustworthy AI agents, especially in high-stakes and policy-governed domains, should make execution conditional on certified traces rather than rely only on stronger generative models, output-level guardrails, or post-hoc…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiao-Yang Liu Yanglet , Xiaodong Wang , Agostino Capponi

AI agents are increasingly embedded in real software systems, where they execute multi-step workflows through multi-turn dialogue, tool invocations, and intermediate decisions. These long execution histories, called agentic traces, make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Reshabh K Sharma , Shraddha Barke , Benjamin Zorn

Agentic AI marks an important transition from single-step generative models to systems capable of reasoning, planning, acting, and adapting over long-lasting tasks. By integrating memory, tool use, and iterative decision cycles, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sahaya Jestus Lazer , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Elisa Bertino

The transition from Cloud-Native to AI-Native architectures is fundamentally reshaping software engineering, replacing deterministic microservices with probabilistic agentic services. However, this shift renders traditional black-box…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zirui Wang , Guangba Yu , Michael R. Lyu

The landscape of software development has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of AI-powered assistants, exemplified by GitHub Copilot. However, existing solutions are not leveraging all the potential capabilities available in an IDE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Michele Tufano , Anisha Agarwal , Jinu Jang , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam , Neel Sundaresan

The rapid deployment of large language model (LLM)-based agents introduces a new class of risks, driven by their capacity for autonomous planning, multi-step tool integration, and emergent interactions. It raises some risk factors for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Rafflesia Khan , Declan Joyce , Mansura Habiba
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