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In some quantum computing (QC) architectures, entanglement of an arbitrary number of qubits can be generated in a single operation. This property has many potential applications, and may specifically be useful for quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-18 David Schwerdt , Yotam Shapira , Tom Manovitz , Roee Ozeri

Designing a practical Continuous Variable (CV) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system requires an estimation of the quantum channel characteristics and the extraction of secure key bits based on a large number of distributed quantum signals.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

Superconducting quantum processor units (QPUs) are incapable of producing massive datasets for quantum error correction (QEC) because of hardware limitations. Thus, QEC decoders heavily depend on synthetic data from qubit error models.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Songhuan He , Yifei Cui , Bo Liu , Kai Guo , Cheng Wang

Variational quantum approaches have shown great promise in finding near-optimal solutions to computationally challenging tasks. Nonetheless, enforcing constraints in a disciplined fashion has been largely unexplored. To address this gap,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Thinh Viet Le , Vassilis Kekatos

The analysis of noisy quantum states prepared on current quantum computers is getting beyond the capabilities of classical computing. Quantum neural networks based on parametrized quantum circuits, measurements and feed-forward can process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Petr Zapletal , Nathan A. McMahon , Michael J. Hartmann

Encoding quantum information in a quantum error correction (QEC) code offers protection against decoherence and enhances the fidelity of qubits and gate operations. One of the fundamental challenges of QEC is to construct codes with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jasper Johannes Postema , Servaas J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

We present a hybrid classical-quantum computing paradigm where the quantum part strictly runs within the coherence time of a quantum annealer, a method we call variational coherent quantum annealing (VCQA). It involves optimizing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 N. Barraza , G. Alvarado Barrios , I. Montalban , E. Solano , F. Albarrán-Arriagada

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) exploits redundancy by encoding logical information into multiple physical qubits. In current implementations of QEC, sequences of non-perfect two-qubit entangling gates are used to codify the information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Andrea Rodriguez-Blanco , Farid Shahandeh , Alejandro Bermudez

Noise remains one of the most significant challenges in the development of reliable and scalable quantum processors. While quantum error correction and mitigation techniques offer potential solutions, they are often limited by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Mathys Rennela , Harold Ollivier

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) provides a practical route for estimating reliable observables on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Traditional QEM strategies, including zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) and Clifford data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Huaxin Wang , Xinge Wu , Jiajun Liu , Ruiqing He , Jiandong Shang , Hengliang Guo , Qiang Chen

Quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the crucial building blocks for developing quantum computers that have significant potential for reaching a quantum advantage in applications. Prominent candidates for QEC are stabilizer codes for…

Biomarker-based prediction of clinical outcomes is challenging due to nonlinear relationships, correlated features, and the limited size of many medical datasets. Classical machine-learning methods can struggle under these conditions,…

Quantum error correction assumes that all syndrome activations represent errors requiring correction. We present evidence from 756 QEC runs across three IBM Eagle r3 processors that this assumption is wrong. The hardware exhibits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Selina Stenberg

Integrating solid-state spin defects into classical electronic devices can enable new opportunities for quantum information processing that benefit from existing semiconductor technology. We show, through bias control of an isotopically…

Memory consistency model (MCM) issues in out-of-order-issue microprocessor-based shared-memory systems are notoriously non-intuitive and a source of hardware design bugs. Prior hardware verification work is limited to in-order-issue…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Gokulan Ravi , Xiaokang Qiu , Mithuna Thottethodi , T. N. Vijaykumar

Quantum computing becomes viable when a quantum state can be preserved from environmentally-induced error. If quantum bits (qubits) are sufficiently reliable, errors are sparse and quantum error correction (QEC) is capable of identifying…

Quantum computer hardware is predicted to scale over hundreds of thousands of qubits coming online in the next decade. Despite significant theoretical and experimental QEC progress, quantum computer architecture has suffered a significant…

Coherent errors are a dominant noise process in many quantum computing architectures. Unlike stochastic errors, these errors can combine constructively and grow into highly detrimental overrotations. To combat this, we introduce a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 Dripto Debroy , Muyuan Li , Michael Newman , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against decoherence provided the noise strength remains below a critical threshold. This threshold marks the critical point for the decoding phase transition. Here we connect this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Ze-Min Huang , Luis Colmenarez , Markus Müller , Sebastian Diehl

The accumulation of quantum phase in response to a signal is the central mechanism of quantum sensing, as such, loss of phase information presents a fundamental limitation. For this reason approaches to extend quantum coherence in the…