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Quantum computation and communication are important branches of quantum information science. However, noise in realistic quantum devices fundamentally limits the utility of these quantum technologies. A conventional approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Kyungjoo Noh

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to mitigate the loss of quantum information to the environment, which is a critical requirement for practical quantum computing. Existing QEC implementations heavily rely on measurement-based feedback,…

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Harald Putterman , Kyungjoo Noh , Connor T. Hann , Gregory S. MacCabe , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Rishi N. Patel , Menyoung Lee , William M. Jones , Hesam Moradinejad , Roberto Rodriguez , Neha Mahuli , Jefferson Rose , John Clai Owens , Harry Levine , Emma Rosenfeld , Philip Reinhold , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Nasser Alidoust , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , James Barnett , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh A. Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harutiun Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Ming-Han Chou , Aashish Clerk , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Ana Valdes Curiel , Erik Davis , Laura DeLorenzo , J. Mitchell D'Ewart , Art Diky , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Shmuel Eisenmann , Essam Elkhouly , Glen Evenbly , Michael T. Fang , Yawen Fang , Matthew J. Fling , Warren Fon , Gabriel Garcia , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Julia A. Grant , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Arbel Haim , Justin Hand , Yuan He , Mike Hernandez , David Hover , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Matthew Hunt , Joe Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Jean-Christophe Jaskula , Liang Jiang , Mahmoud Kalaee , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Aleksander Kubica , Hanho Lee , Catherine Leroux , Simon Lieu , Victor Ly , Keven Villegas Madrigal , Guillaume Marcaud , Gavin McCabe , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Joaquin Minguzzi , Anurag Mishra , Biswaroop Mukherjee , Mahdi Naghiloo , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , Jason Pagdilao , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Panduro , JP Paquette , Minje Park , Gregory A. Peairs , David Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , John Preskill , Johnson Qiao , Gil Refael , Rachel Resnick , Alex Retzker , Omar A. Reyna , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Ernesto Sanchez , Rohan Sanil , Krishanu Sankar , Yuki Sato , Thomas Scaffidi , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , E. Alex Wollack , Yufeng Ye , Jessica A. Zerrudo , Kailing Zhang , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Matthew H. Matheny , Oskar Painter

Fault tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) networks are studied by a combination of numerical and approximate analytical treatments. The probability of failure of the recovery operation is calculated for a variety of CSS codes, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Andrew M. Steane

Keeping single-qubit quantum coherence above some threshold value not far below unity is a prerequisite for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC). We study the initial dephasing of solid-state qubits in the independent-boson model,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-01-11 Roland Doll , Peter Hanggi , Sigmund Kohler , Martijn Wubs

We analyze the long time behavior of a quantum computer running a quantum error correction (QEC) code in the presence of a correlated environment. Starting from a Hamiltonian formulation of realistic noise models, and assuming that QEC is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-11 E. Novais , Eduardo R. Mucciolo , Harold U. Baranger

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is one of the fundamental problems in quantum computer systems, which aims to detect and correct errors in the data qubits within quantum computers. Due to the presence of unreliable data qubits in existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Yue Zhao

Mapping quantum error correcting codes to classical disordered statistical mechanics models and studying the phase diagram of the latter has proven a powerful tool to study the fundamental error robustness and associated critical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Davide Vodola , Manuel Rispler , Seyong Kim , Markus Müller

In cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a microscope generates a top view of a sample of randomly-oriented copies of a molecule. The problem of single particle reconstruction (SPR) from cryo-EM is to use the resulting set of noisy 2D…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-09-16 Gene Katsevich , Alexander Katsevich , Amit Singer

Quantum resources enable one to achieve quantum-enhanced estimation sensitivity beyond its classical counterpart. Many studies mainly focus on reducing statistical error, under the assumption that one can always set an unbiased estimator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Hyukgun Kwon , Changhun Oh , Youngrong Lim , Hyunseok Jeong , Seung-Woo Lee , Liang Jiang

Quantum hardware suffers from high error rates and noise, which makes directly running applications on them ineffective. Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is a critical technique towards fault tolerance which encodes the quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Hanrui Wang , Pengyu Liu , Yilian Liu , Jiaqi Gu , Jonathan Baker , Frederic T. Chong , Song Han

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, most typical quantum error-correcting codes are designed for generic noise models, which may fail to accurately capture the intricate noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yuguo Shao , Yong-Chang Li , Fuchuan Wei , Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Zhaohui Wei , Lijian Zhang , Zhengwei Liu

Stabilizer states are a central resource in quantum information processing, underpinning a wide range of applications. While they can be efficiently generated via Clifford circuits, the presence of coherent errors, such as small-angle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Giovanni Di Bartolomeo , Giulio Crognaletti , Angelo Bassi , Michele Vischi

We present a simple proof of the approximate Eastin-Knill theorem, which connects the quality of a quantum error-correcting code (QECC) with its ability to achieve a universal set of transversal logical gates. Our derivation employs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Aleksander Kubica , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computation requires overcoming the Eastin--Knill theorem on quantum error correction (QEC) codes that protect information from noise. This is often accomplished through strategies like magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Derek Khu , Andrew Tanggara , Chao Jin , Kishor Bharti

Qubits, the quantum mechanical bits required for quantum computing, must retain their fragile quantum states over long periods of time. In many types of electron spin qubits, the primary source of decoherence is the interaction between the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-05-18 Hendrik Bluhm , Sandra Foletti , Izhar Neder , Mark Rudner , Diana Mahalu , Vladimir Umansky , Amir Yacoby

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for fault-tolerant quantum copmutation, and its implementation is a very sophisticated process involving both quantum and classical hardware. Formulating and verifying the decomposition of logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Anbang Wu , Gushu Li , Hezi Zhang , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Yuan Xie , Yufei Ding

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum error correction was invented to allow for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Systems with topological order turned out to give a natural physical realization of quantum error correcting codes (QECC) in their groundspaces. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Elizabeth Crosson , M. Burak Şahinoğlu , John Bowen