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Related papers: Drift and selection in LLM text ecosystems

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Large language models are increasingly integrated into decision-making in areas such as healthcare, law, finance, engineering, and government. Yet they share a critical limitation: they produce fluent outputs even when their internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Rikard Rosenbacke , Carl Rosenbacke , Victor Rosenbacke , Martin McKee

In real-world contexts, sometimes data are available in form of Natural Data Streams, i.e. data characterized by a streaming nature, unbalanced distribution, data drift over a long time frame and strong correlation of samples in short time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Guido Borghi , Gabriele Graffieti , Davide Maltoni

Scaling large language models (LLMs) leads to an emergent capacity to learn in-context from example demonstrations. Despite progress, theoretical understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. We argue that in-context learning relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Michael Hahn , Navin Goyal

Classification algorithms based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are nowadays applied in high-stakes decisions in finance, healthcare, criminal justice, or education. Individuals can strategically adapt to the information gathered about…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Marta C. Couto , Flavia Barsotti , Fernando P. Santos

The creation of systematic literature reviews (SLR) is critical for analyzing the landscape of a research field and guiding future research directions. However, retrieving and filtering the literature corpus for an SLR is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Lucas Joos , Daniel A. Keim , Maximilian T. Fischer

Transformation of Machine Learning (ML) from a boutique science to a generally accepted technology has increased importance of reproduction and transportability of ML studies. In the current work, we investigate how corpus characteristics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Marina Sokolova , Victoria Bobicev

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

A growing body of multi-agent studies with LLMs explores how norms and cooperation emerge in mixed-motive scenarios, where pursuing individual gain can undermine the collective good. While prior work has explored these dynamics in both…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Prateek Gupta , Qiankun Zhong , Hiromu Yakura , Thomas Eisenmann , Iyad Rahwan

Detecting AI-involved text is essential for combating misinformation, plagiarism, and academic misconduct. However, AI text generation includes diverse collaborative processes (AI-written text edited by humans, human-written text edited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxin He , Shan Zhang , Yixuan Cao , Lei Ma , Ping Luo

The distribution of streaming data often changes over time as conditions change, a phenomenon known as concept drift. Only a subset of previous experience, collected in similar conditions, is relevant to learning an accurate classifier for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ben Halstead , Yun Sing Koh , Patricia Riddle , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Albert Bifet

A text stream is an ordered sequence of text documents generated over time. A massive amount of such text data is generated by online social platforms every day. Designing an algorithm for such text streams to extract useful information is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jay Kumar

Many governmental bodies are adopting AI policies for decision-making. In particular, Reinforcement Learning has been used to design policies that citizens would be expected to follow if implemented. Much RL work assumes that citizens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Naina Balepur , Xingrui Pei , Hari Sundaram

We consider the problem of modeling the content structure of texts within a specific domain, in terms of the topics the texts address and the order in which these topics appear. We first present an effective knowledge-lean method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Regina Barzilay , Lillian Lee

We introduce a theory of sequential causal inference in which learners in a chain estimate a structural model from their upstream teacher and then pass samples from the model to their downstream student. It extends the population dynamics…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-28 James P. Crutchfield , Sean Whalen

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu

In this work, we explicitly show that modern LLMs tend to generate correct facts first, then "drift away" and generate incorrect facts later: this was occasionally observed but never properly measured. We develop a semantic drift score that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ava Spataru , Eric Hambro , Elena Voita , Nicola Cancedda

As more content generated by large language models (LLMs) floods into the Internet, information retrieval (IR) systems now face the challenge of distinguishing and handling a blend of human-authored and machine-generated texts. Recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Yinqiong Cai , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Recent studies show that neural retrievers often display source bias, favoring passages generated by LLMs over human-written ones, even when both are semantically similar. This bias has been considered an inherent flaw of retrievers,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Yinqiong Cai , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Artificial Intelligence, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), has transformed domains such as software engineering, journalism, creative writing, academia, and media (Naveed et al. 2025; arXiv:2307.06435). Diffusion models like Stable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Trivikram Satharasi , S Sitharama Iyengar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-crawled corpora. This poses risks of leakage, including personal information, copyrighted texts, and benchmark datasets. Such leakage leads to undermining human trust in AI due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Masahiro Kaneko , Timothy Baldwin