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Reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise for enhancing LLM agentic reasoning, yet sparse terminal rewards hinder fine-grained optimization. Process reward modeling offers an alternative but incurs high computational costs, reward hacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiao Feng , Bo Han , Zhanke Zhou , Jiaqi Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ka Ho Li , Dahai Yu , Michael Kwok-Po Ng

We introduce AdvantageFlow, a forward-process reinforcement learning algorithm for rectified flow models. Unlike Flow-GRPO, which optimizes the reverse process, we optimize an advantage-weighted forward-process prediction loss. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Branislav Kveton , Anup Rao , Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Krishna Kumar Singh , Viet Dac Lai

Learning from feedback has been shown to enhance the alignment between text prompts and images in text-to-image diffusion models. However, due to the lack of focus in feedback content, especially regarding the object type and quantity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xuexiang Niu , Jinping Tang , Lei Wang , Ge Zhu

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable results in image generation, and have similarly been used to learn high-performing policies in sequential decision-making tasks. Decision-making diffusion models can be trained on lower-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Felipe Nuti , Tim Franzmeyer , João F. Henriques

Recent advances in flow-based generative models have enabled training-free, text-guided image editing by inverting an image into its latent noise and regenerating it under a new target conditional guidance. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Thinh Dao , Zhen Wang , Kien T. Pham , Long Chen

The remarkable progress in text-to-video diffusion models enables the generation of photorealistic videos, although the content of these generated videos often includes unnatural movement or deformation, reverse playback, and motionless…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuta Oshima , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo , Hiroki Furuta

We present a comprehensive solution to learn and improve text-to-image models from human preference feedback. To begin with, we build ImageReward -- the first general-purpose text-to-image human preference reward model -- to effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jiazheng Xu , Xiao Liu , Yuchen Wu , Yuxuan Tong , Qinkai Li , Ming Ding , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Generative AI has significantly changed industries by enabling text-driven image generation, yet challenges remain in achieving high-resolution outputs that align with fine-grained user preferences. Consequently, multi-round interactions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kun Li , Jianhui Wang , Yangfan He , Xinyuan Song , Ruoyu Wang , Hongyang He , Wenxin Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Keqin Li , Sida Li , Miao Zhang , Tianyu Shi , Xueqian Wang

Flow based generative models have charted an impressive path across multiple visual generation tasks by adhering to a simple principle: learning velocity representations of a linear interpolant. However, we observe that training velocity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Inkyu Shin , Chenglin Yang , Liang-Chieh Chen

In generative modeling, we often wish to produce samples that maximize a user-specified reward such as aesthetic quality or alignment with human preferences, a problem known as \textit{guidance}. Despite their widespread use, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jerry Y. Huang , Justin Lin , Sheel Shah , Kartik Nair , Nicholas M. Boffi

While online Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a crucial technique for aligning flow matching models with human preferences, current approaches are hindered by inefficient exploration during training rollouts. Relying on undirected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ruizhe Zhong , Jiesong Lian , Xiaoyue Mi , Zixiang Zhou , Yuan Zhou , Qinglin Lu , Junchi Yan

Guided or controlled data generation with diffusion models\blfootnote{Partial preliminary results of this work appeared in International Conference on Machine Learning 2025 \citep{li2025provable}.} has become a cornerstone of modern…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Yuchen Jiao , Yuxin Chen , Gen Li

Recent progress in large-scale flow and diffusion models raised two fundamental algorithmic challenges: (i) control-based reward adaptation of pre-trained flows, and (ii) integration of multiple models, i.e., flow merging. While current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Riccardo De Santi , Malte Franke , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Andreas Krause

Recent advances in one-step text-to-image generation have enabled real-time synthesis with remarkable efficiency and quality. Previous reinforcement learning methods for one-step generators combine image-space reward optimization with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Junyi Wu , Weijian Luo , Haoyang Zheng , Ruizhe Zhang , Guang Lin

While methods exist for aligning flow matching models--a popular and effective class of generative models--with human preferences, existing approaches fail to achieve both adaptation efficiency and probabilistically sound prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhen Liu , Tim Z. Xiao , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Weiyang Liu , Dinghuai Zhang

Learning rewards from expert videos offers an affordable and effective solution to specify the intended behaviors for reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. In this work, we propose Diffusion Reward, a novel framework that learns rewards from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Tao Huang , Guangqi Jiang , Yanjie Ze , Huazhe Xu

Recent advancements in diffusion models (DMs) have been propelled by alignment methods that post-train models to better conform to human preferences. However, these approaches typically require computation-intensive training of a base model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zejian Li , Yize Li , Chenye Meng , Zhongni Liu , Yang Ling , Shengyuan Zhang , Guang Yang , Changyuan Yang , Zhiyuan Yang , Lingyun Sun

Diffusion and flow-based generative models have achieved remarkable success in domains such as image synthesis, video generation, and natural language modeling. In this work, we extend these advances to weight space learning by leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Daniel Saragih , Deyu Cao , Tejas Balaji

Recent advances in inverse problem solving have increasingly adopted flow priors over diffusion models due to their ability to construct straight probability paths from noise to data, thereby enhancing efficiency in both training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hossein Askari , Yadan Luo , Hongfu Sun , Fred Roosta

This tutorial provides an in-depth guide on inference-time guidance and alignment methods for optimizing downstream reward functions in diffusion models. While diffusion models are renowned for their generative modeling capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Chenyu Wang , Xiner Li , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Tommaso Biancalani