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The global 21-cm signal provides a powerful probe of early-Universe astrophysics, but its detection is hindered by Galactic foregrounds that are orders of magnitude brighter than the signal and distortions introduced by beam chromaticity.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jacob L. Tutt , Peter H. Sims , Joe H. N. Pattison , Dominic J. Anstey , Samuel A. K. Leeney , Eloy de Lera Acedo

We present ForSE (Foreground Scale Extender), a novel Python package which aims at overcoming the current limitations in the simulation of diffuse Galactic radiation, in the context of Cosmic Microwave Background experiments (CMB). ForSE…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-03 Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff , Giuseppe Puglisi

JPEG is one of the most popular image compression methods. It is beneficial to compress those existing JPEG files without introducing additional distortion. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based method to further compress JPEG…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Lina Guo , Yuanyuan Wang , Tongda Xu , Jixiang Luo , Dailan He , Zhenjun Ji , Shanshan Wang , Yang Wang , Hongwei Qin

We present msmJAX, a Python package implementing the multilevel summation method with B-spline interpolation, a linear-scaling algorithm for efficiently evaluating electrostatic and other long-range interactions in particle-based…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Florian Buchner , Johannes Schörghuber , Nico Unglert , Jesús Carrete , Georg K. H. Madsen

Edge bundling reduces the visual complexity of drawings of large and complex graphs by clustering "compatible" edges. However, it often introduces distortion by bundling "unrelated" edges, resulting in misleading, ambiguous drawings.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xingjue Jiang , Seok-Hee Hong , Amyra Meidiana , Xianyuan Zeng

This work presents a novel three-dimensional Crack Element Method (CEM) designed to model transient dynamic crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials efficiently. CEM introduces an advanced element-splitting algorithm that enables…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yuxi Xie , C. T. Wu , Wei Hu , Lu Xu , Tinh Q. Bui , Shaofan Li

We present a MATLAB-based framework for two- and three-dimensional fast Fourier transforms on multiple GPUs for large-scale numerical simulations using the pseudo-spectral Fourier method. The software implements two complementary multi-GPU…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Maik Punke , Marco Salvalaglio

Heterogeneous programming has started becoming the norm in order to achieve better performance by running portions of code on the most appropriate hardware resource. Currently, significant engineering efforts are undertaken in order to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-28 James Clarkson , Christos Kotselidis , Gavin Brown , Mikel Luján

An harmonic-space maximum-entropy method (MEM) is presented for separating the emission from different physical components in all-sky observations by the forthcoming Planck satellite. The analysis is performed at full Planck resolution,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 V. Stolyarov , M. P. Hobson , M. A. J. Ashdown , A. N. Lasenby

The polarization modes of the cosmological microwave background are an invaluable source of information for cosmology, and a unique window to probe the energy scale of inflation. Extracting such information from microwave surveys requires…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-04 Jerome Bobin , Florent Sureau , Jean-Luc Starck

We investigate the detectability of the primordial CMB polarization B-mode power spectrum on large scales in the presence of instrumental noise and realistic foreground contamination. We have worked out a method to estimate the errors on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 A. Bonaldi , S. Ricciardi

We present GFORS, a GPU-accelerated framework for large binary integer programs. It couples a first-order (PDHG-style) routine that guides the search in the continuous relaxation with a randomized, feasibility-aware sampling module that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Ningji Wei , Jiaming Liang

We investigate the performance of the parametric Maximum Likelihood component separation method in the context of the CMB B-mode signal detection and its characterization by small-scale CMB suborbital experiments. We consider…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-09 F. Stivoli , J. Grain , S. M. Leach , M. Tristram , C. Baccigalupi , R. Stompor

Differentiating signals from the background in micrographs is a critical initial step for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), yet it remains laborious due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the presence of contaminants and densely…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Szu-Chi Chung , Po-Cheng Chou

Thermal infrared image enhancement aims to restore high-quality images from complex compound degradations. Existing all-in-one approaches typically employ a single shared backbone to handle diverse degradations, which causes gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Pu Li , Huafeng Li , Yafei Zhang , Yu Liu , Wen Wang

In this paper, we propose a methodology for partitioning and mapping computational intensive applications in reconfigurable hardware blocks of different granularity. A generic hybrid reconfigurable architecture is considered so as the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 M. D. Galanis , A. Milidonis , G. Theodoridis , D. Soudris , C. E. Goutis

Recent CMB observations have resulted in very precise observational data. A robust and reliable CMB reconstruction technique can lead to efficient estimation of the cosmological parameters. We demonstrate the performance of our methodology…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-31 Albin Joseph , Ujjal Purkayastha , Rajib Saha

Matrix Factorization (MF) on large scale data takes substantial time on a Central Processing Unit (CPU). While Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)s could expedite the computation of MF, the available memory on a GPU is finite. Leveraging GPUs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Prasad Bhavana , Vineet Padmanabhan

This paper presents a heterogeneous adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework for efficient simulation of moderately stiff reactive problems. This framework features an elaborate subcycling-in-time algorithm along with a specialized…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Yuqi Wang , Yadong Zeng , Ralf Deiterding , Jianhan Liang

Understanding shock-solid interactions remains a central challenge in compressiblefluiddynamics. WepresentJAX-Shock: afully-differentiable,GPU-accelerated, high-order shock-capturing solver for efficient simulation of the compressible…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-09 Bo Zhang