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Data-driven convective parameterization aims to accurately represent convective adjustments to large-scale forcings in a computationally economic manner. While previous studies have demonstrated success using various model architectures,…
The conventional Ekman model of the tropical boundary layer neglects nonlinear momentum advection and breaks down near the equator, where Coriolis effects are weak. During South Asian monsoon onset, we identify a dynamical regime transition…
A downburst index has been developed to assess the magnitude of convective downbursts associated with heavy precipitation-producing (HP) convective systems. The index, designed for use during the warm season over the central and eastern…
We seek statistical methods to study the occurrence of multiple rain types observed by satellite on a global scale. The main scientific interests are to relate rainfall occurrence with various atmospheric state variables and to study the…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the primary drivers of severe space weather disturbances in the heliosphere. Models of CME dynamics have been proposed that do not fully include the effects of magnetic reconnection on the forces driving…
We develop a landscape-flux framework to investigate observed frequency distributions of vegetation and the stability of these ecological systems under fluctuations. The frequency distributions can characterize the population-potential…
Assessing the availability of rainfall water plays a crucial role in rainfed agriculture. Given the substantial proportion of agricultural practices in India being rainfed and considering the potential trends in rainfall amounts across…
Root systems can influence the dynamics of evapotranspiration of water out of a porous medium. The coupling of evapotranspiration remains a key aspect affecting overall root behavior. Predicting the evapotranspiration curve in the presence…
The wetting of soft elastic substrates exhibits many features that have no counterpart on rigid surfaces. Modelling the detailed elastocapillary interactions is challenging, and has so far been limited to single contact lines or single…
Dynamical downscaling with high-resolution regional climate models may offer the possibility of realistically reproducing precipitation and weather events in climate simulations. As resolutions fall to order kilometers, the use of explicit…
Condensable species are crucial in shaping planetary climate. A wide range of planetary climate systems involve understanding non-dilute condensable substances and their influence on climate dynamics. There has been progress on large-scale…
Recent observations of Jupiter have suggested the existence of global oscillatory modes at millihertz frequencies, yet the source mechanism responsible for driving these modes is still unknown. However, the energies necessary to produce…
Banded patterns consisting of alternating bare soil and dense vegetation have been observed in water-limited ecosystems across the globe, often appearing along gently sloped terrain with the stripes aligned transverse to the elevation…
A detailed characterization of avalanche dynamics of wet granular media in a rotating drum apparatus is presented. The results confirm the existence of the three wetness regimes observed previously: the granular, the correlated and the…
We visualize the formation of fingered flow in dry model sandy soils under different raining conditions using a quasi-2d experimental set-up, and systematically determine the impact of soil grain diameter and surface wetting property on…
This study investigated the coalescence of polymer solution drops on the solid substrates. When two drops meet at their contact line on a substrate, the liquid bridge connecting the two drops increases in size with time. The height and…
Patterns in a semiarid ecosystem are important because they directly and indirectly affect ecological processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience. Understanding the causes and effects of these patterns is critical for long-term land…
In order to find a better physical model to describe the large-scale cloud-water transformation and rainfall, we consider a moist atmosphere model consisting of the primitive equations with only horizontal viscosity in the dynamic equation…
Vegetation often understood merely as the result of long-term climate conditions. However, vegetation itself plays a fundamental role in shaping Earth's climate by regulating the energy, water, and biogeochemical cycles across terrestrial…
Moist convection is a physical process where the latent heat released by condensation acts as a buoyancy source that can enhance or even trigger an overturning convective instability. Since the saturation temperature often decreases with…