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Scores from traditional confidence classifiers (CCs) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems lack universal interpretation and vary with updates to the underlying confidence or acoustic models (AMs). In this work, we build…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-02 Amber Afshan , Kshitiz Kumar , Jian Wu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models rely on high-quality transcribed data for effective training. Generating pseudo-labels for large unlabeled audio datasets often relies on complex pipelines that combine multiple ASR outputs through…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jeena Prakash , Blessingh Kumar , Kadri Hacioglu , Bidisha Sharma , Sindhuja Gopalan , Malolan Chetlur , Shankar Venkatesan , Andreas Stolcke

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce fluent yet factually incorrect statements-a phenomenon known as hallucination-posing serious risks in high-stakes domains. We present Layer-wise Semantic Dynamics (LSD), a geometric framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Amir Hameed Mir

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) -based models are attractive in automatic speech recognition (ASR) because of their non-autoregressive nature. To take advantage of text-only data, language model (LM) integration approaches such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Hayato Futami , Hirofumi Inaguma , Sei Ueno , Masato Mimura , Shinsuke Sakai , Tatsuya Kawahara

This paper investigates discrete and continuous speech representations in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), organizing them by feature continuity and training approach into four categories: supervised and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yaoxun Xu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Zhiyong Wu , Dong Yu

Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hwiwon Lee , Ziqi Zhang , Hanxiao Lu , Lingming Zhang

Previous studies on multimodal fake news detection mainly focus on the alignment and integration of cross-modal features, as well as the application of text-image consistency. However, they overlook the semantic enhancement effects of large…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Peican Zhu , Yubo Jing , Le Cheng , Bin Chen , Xiaodong Cui , Lianwei Wu , Keke Tang

Recent studies have shown that dual encoder models trained with the sentence-level translation ranking task are effective methods for cross-lingual sentence embedding. However, our research indicates that token-level alignment is also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Ziheng Li , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Qiang Lou , Haizhen Huang , Jian Jiao , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Qi Zhang

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have revolutionized the field by integrating all components into a single neural network, with attention-based encoder-decoder models achieving state-of-the-art performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Duygu Altinok

Aiming at the problem that the spatial-temporal hierarchical continuous sign language recognition model based on deep learning has a large amount of computation, which limits the real-time application of the model, this paper proposes a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Qidan Zhu , Jing Li , Fei Yuan , Quan Gan

Semantic communications could improve the transmission efficiency significantly by exploring the semantic information. In this paper, we make an effort to recover the transmitted speech signals in the semantic communication systems, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-09 Zhenzi Weng , Zhijin Qin

This paper presents Seewo's systems for both tracks of the Multilingual Conversational Speech Language Model Challenge (MLC-SLM), addressing automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speaker diarization with ASR (SD-ASR). We introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Bo Li , Chengben Xu , Wufeng Zhang

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities at task-specific applications through fine-tuning, extending these benefits across diverse languages is essential for broad accessibility. However, effective cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shirin Alanova , Bogdan Minko , Sabrina Sadiekh , Evgeniy Kokuykin

In the realm of spoken language understanding (SLU), numerous natural language understanding (NLU) methodologies have been adapted by supplying large language models (LLMs) with transcribed speech instead of conventional written text. In…

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language requirements into code, yet empirical analyses of representative models reveal that semantic errors-programs that compile but behave incorrectly-constitute the majority of observed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinglin Wang , Zhihong Sun , Ruyun Wang , Tao Huang , Zhi Jin , Ge Li , Chen Lyu

In this paper we examine the use of semantically-aligned speech representations for end-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU). We employ the recently-introduced SAMU-XLSR model, which is designed to generate a single embedding that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Gaëlle Laperrière , Valentin Pelloin , Mickaël Rouvier , Themos Stafylakis , Yannick Estève

Scaling test-time computation--generating and analyzing multiple or sequential outputs for a single input--has become a promising strategy for improving the reliability and quality of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sungjae Lee , Hoyoung Kim , Jeongyeon Hwang , Eunhyeok Park , Jungseul Ok

The increasing adoption of Cloud-based Large Language Models (CLLMs) has raised significant concerns regarding data privacy during user interactions. While existing approaches primarily focus on encrypting sensitive information, they often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Feipeng Zhai , Pengpeng Ouyang , Qidong Liu , Yafei Li , Chong Fu , Mingliang Xu

The concept of cross-layer optimization has been around for several years now. The primary goal of the cross-layer approach was to liberate the strict boundary between the layers of the traditional OSI protocol stack. This is to enable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jithin Jagannath , Anu Jagannath , Justin Henney , Noor Biswas , Tyler Gwin , Zackary Kane , Andrew Drozd