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Large language model (LLM) agents currently depend on predefined tools or early-stage tool generation, limiting their adaptability and scalability to complex scientific tasks. We introduce CASCADE, a self-evolving agentic framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xu Huang , Junwu Chen , Yuxing Fei , Zhuohan Li , Philippe Schwaller , Gerbrand Ceder

Emerging applications such as embodied intelligence, AI hardware, autonomous driving, and intelligent cockpits rely on a real-time perception-decision-action closed loop, posing stringent challenges for streaming video understanding.…

Skills are a promising way to improve LLM agent capabilities without retraining, while keeping the added procedure reusable and controllable. However, high-quality skills are still largely written by hand. We introduce SkillGen, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuchen Ma , Yue Huang , Han Bao , Haomin Zhuang , Swadheen Shukla , Michel Galley , Xiangliang Zhang , Stefan Feuerriegel

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the development of intelligent LLM-based agents capable of interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These agents demonstrate strong reasoning and adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Wenjia Jiang , Yangyang Zhuang , Chenxi Song , Xu Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chi Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown strong results on multi-turn tool-use tasks, yet they operate in isolation during training, failing to leverage experiences accumulated across episodes. Existing experience-augmented methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

Tool learning empowers large language models (LLMs) as agents to use external tools and extend their utility. Existing methods employ one single LLM-based agent to iteratively select and execute tools, thereafter incorporating execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Xiuyi Chen , Yue Feng , Lingyong Yan , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) systems have shown strong potential for language-driven robotic manipulation. However, scaling them to long-horizon tasks remains challenging. Existing pipelines typically separate data collection, policy…

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed to handle streaming tasks, yet they often remain one-off problem solvers that fail to learn from past interactions. Reusable skills distilled from experience provide a natural substrate for…

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

OpenClaw's ClawHub marketplace hosts tens of thousands of community-contributed agent skills (49,592 in our 2026-04-04 snapshot), and recent audits report that 13-26% contain security vulnerabilities. Regex scanners miss obfuscated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yinghan Hou , Zongyou Yang , Zaihu Pang , Xiujun Ma

In the age of large language models (LLMs), autonomous agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for achieving general intelligence. These agents dynamically leverage tools, memory, and reasoning capabilities to accomplish user-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chaojia Yu , Zihan Cheng , Hanwen Cui , Yishuo Gao , Zexu Luo , Yijin Wang , Hangbin Zheng , Yong Zhao

Self-supervised skill learning aims to acquire useful behaviors that leverage the underlying dynamics of the environment. Latent variable models, based on mutual information maximization, have been successful in this task but still struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 David Emukpere , Bingbing Wu , Julien Perez , Jean-Michel Renders

Adapting to task changes without forgetting previous knowledge is a key skill for intelligent systems, and a crucial aspect of lifelong learning. Swarm controllers, however, are typically designed for specific tasks, lacking the ability to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Lorenzo Leuzzi , Simon Jones , Sabine Hauert , Davide Bacciu , Andrea Cossu

Multimodal agents can now tackle complex reasoning tasks with diverse tools, yet they still suffer from inefficient tool use and inflexible orchestration in open-ended settings. A central challenge is enabling such agents to continually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Guanyu Jiang , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Yi R. Fung

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents show strong performance in tool use, but lack the crucial capability to systematically learn from their own experiences. While existing frameworks mainly focus on mitigating external knowledge gaps,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rong Wu , Xiaoman Wang , Jianbiao Mei , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Cheng Yang , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Yufan Shen , Yuxin Wang , Botian Shi

LLM agents are expected to complete end-to-end units of work across software tools, business services, and local workspaces. Yet many agent benchmarks freeze a curated task set at release time and grade mainly the final response, making it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Chenxin Li , Zhengyang Tang , Mingxin Huang , Yunlong Lin , Shijue Huang , Shengyuan Liu , Bowen Ye , Rang Li , Lei Li , Benyou Wang , Yixuan Yuan

Building generalist agents that can handle diverse tasks and evolve themselves across different environments is a long-term goal in the AI community. Large language models (LLMs) are considered a promising foundation to build such agents…

Current embodied intelligent systems still face a substantial gap between high-level reasoning and low-level physical execution in open-world environments. Although Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide strong perception and intuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Dongjie Huo , Haoyun Liu , Guoqing Liu , Dekang Qi , Zhiming Sun , Maoguo Gao , Jianxin He , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Feng Xiong , Xing Wei , Zhiheng Ma , Mu Xu

We study whether self-learning can scale LLM-based agents without relying on human-curated datasets or predefined rule-based rewards. Through controlled experiments in a search-agent setting, we identify two key determinants of scalable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Wangtao Sun , Xiang Cheng , Jialin Fan , Yao Xu , Xing Yu , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu