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We propose and analyze a hierarchical quantum error correction (QEC) scheme that concatenates hypergraph product (HGP) codes with rotated surface codes, which is compatible with quantum computers with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Junichi Haruna , Keisuke Fujii

Logical qubits can be protected from decoherence by performing QEC cycles repeatedly. Algorithms for fault-tolerant QEC must be compiled to the specific hardware platform under consideration in order to practically realize a quantum memory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Sascha Heußen , David F. Locher , Markus Müller

Recent advances in quantum error-correction (QEC) have shown that it is often beneficial to understand fault-tolerance as a dynamical process, a circuit with redundant measurements that help correct errors, rather than as a static code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Arthur Pesah , Austin K. Daniel , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer

We investigate a family of fault-tolerant quantum error correction schemes based on the concatenation of small error detection or error correction codes with the three-dimensional cluster state. We propose fault-tolerant state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Zhaoyi Li , Isaac Kim , Patrick Hayden

Fast, reliable decoders are pivotal components for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. Neural network decoders like AlphaQubit have demonstrated significant potential, achieving higher accuracy than traditional human-designed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Kai Zhang , Situ Wang , Linghang Kong , Fang Zhang , Zhengfeng Ji , Jianxin Chen

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is expected to address a wide range of computational problems. To realize large-scale FTQC, it is essential to encode logical qubits using quantum error-correcting codes. High-rate concatenated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Takeshi Kakizaki

Usual scenarios of fault-tolerant computation are concerned with the fault-tolerant realization of quantum algorithms that compute classical functions, such as Shor's algorithm for factoring. In particular, this means that input and output…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

If a quantum computer is stabilized by fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC), then most of its resources (qubits and operations) are dedicated to the extraction of error information. Analysis of this process leads to a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Adam Paetznick

The goal of this paper is to review the theoretical basis for achieving a faithful quantum information transmission and processing in the presence of noise. Initially encoding and decoding, implementing gates and quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. J. Salas

Decoders of quantum error correction (QEC) experiments make decisions based on detected errors and the expected rates of error events, which together comprise a detector error model. Here we show that the syndrome history of QEC experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Evangelia Takou , Kenneth R. Brown

A quantitative assessment of the progress of small prototype quantum processors towards fault-tolerant quantum computation is a problem of current interest in experimental and theoretical quantum information science. We introduce a…

Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Yingkai Ouyang

Qubit loss errors constitute a dominant source of noise in many quantum hardware systems, particularly in neutral atom quantum computers. We develop a theoretical framework to effectively detect and correct loss errors in logical algorithms…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for operating quantum computers in the presence of noise. Here, we accurately decode arbitrary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes via the maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem. We show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Mohammadreza Noormandipour , Tobias Haug

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires Quantum Error Correction (QEC). QEC reduces error rates by encoding logical information across redundant physical qubits, enabling errors to be detected and corrected. A common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Yotam Peled , David Zenati , Eliya Nachmani

Reliability is fundamental for developing large-scale quantum computers. Since the benefit of technological advancements to the qubit's stability is saturating, algorithmic solutions, such as quantum error correction (QEC) codes, are needed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Gioele Casagranda , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

A promising strategy to protect quantum information from noise-induced errors is to encode it into the low-energy states of a topological quantum memory device. However, readout errors from such memory under realistic settings is less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Weishun Zhong , Oles Shtanko , Ramis Movassagh

(Abridged.) This thesis investigates scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation through the development of bosonic quantum codes, quantum LDPC codes, and decoding protocols that connect continuous-variable and discrete-variable error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Timo Hillmann