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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) already achieve state-of-the-art results across a wide range of tasks and modalities. To push their reasoning ability further, recent studies explore advanced prompting schemes and post-training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhenyu Pan , Yutong Zhang , Jianshu Zhang , Haoran Lu , Haozheng Luo , Yuwei Han , Philip S. Yu , Manling Li , Han Liu

Debiasing methods that seek to mitigate the tendency of Language Models (LMs) to occasionally output toxic or inappropriate text have recently gained traction. In this paper, we propose a standardized protocol which distinguishes methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Robert Morabito , Jad Kabbara , Ali Emami

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

Frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) can be socially discriminatory or sensitive to spurious features of their inputs. Because only well-resourced corporations can train frontier LLMs, we need robust test-time strategies to control such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Leonardo Cotta , Chris J. Maddison

Self-correction has emerged as a promising solution to boost the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), where LLMs refine their solutions using self-generated critiques that pinpoint the errors. This work explores whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yunxiang Zhang , Muhammad Khalifa , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Jaekyeom Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Lu Wang

Self-correction is one of the most amazing emerging capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling LLMs to self-modify an inappropriate output given a natural language feedback which describes the problems of that output. Moral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guangliang Liu , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Marie Johnson

Mitigating social bias in large language models (LLMs) has become an increasingly important research objective. However, existing debiasing methods often incur high human and computational costs, exhibit limited effectiveness, and struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiaoqing Cheng , Ruizhe Chen , Hongying Zan , Yuxiang Jia , Min Peng

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled automatic generation of chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, leading to strong performance on tasks such as math and code. However, when reasoning steps reflect social stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xuyang Wu , Jinming Nian , Ting-Ruen Wei , Zhiqiang Tao , Hsin-Tai Wu , Yi Fang

Current social bias benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily rely on predefined question formats like multiple-choice, limiting their ability to reflect the complexity and open-ended nature of real-world interactions. To close…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zhao Liu , Tian Xie , Xueru Zhang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are trained on data that inherently contains gender biases, leading to undesirable impacts. Traditional debiasing methods often rely on external corpora, which may lack quality, diversity, or demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Liu Yu , Ludie Guo , Ping Kuang , Fan Zhou

We study self-rewarding reasoning large language models (LLMs), which can simultaneously generate step-by-step reasoning and evaluate the correctness of their outputs during the inference time-without external feedback. This integrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wei Xiong , Hanning Zhang , Chenlu Ye , Lichang Chen , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

With the introduction of (large) language models, there has been significant concern about the unintended bias such models may inherit from their training data. A number of studies have shown that such models propagate gender stereotypes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Rameez Qureshi , Naïm Es-Sebbani , Luis Galárraga , Yvette Graham , Miguel Couceiro , Zied Bouraoui

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance on various natural language generation tasks. Nonetheless, they suffer from generating negative and harmful contents that are biased against certain demographic groups (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tianci Liu , Haoyu Wang , Shiyang Wang , Yu Cheng , Jing Gao

Reasoning in humans is prone to biases due to underlying motivations like identity protection, that undermine rational decision-making and judgment. This \textit{motivated reasoning} at a collective level can be detrimental to society when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Saloni Dash , Amélie Reymond , Emma S. Spiro , Aylin Caliskan

Large language models pick up social biases from the data they are trained on and carry those biases into downstream applications, often reinforcing stereotypes around gender, race, religion, disability, age, and socioeconomic status. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent studies suggest that they still face challenges in performing fundamental NLP tasks essential for deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ziyan Zhang , Yang Hou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Multilingual Pre-trained Language Models (MPLMs) have become essential tools for natural language processing. However, they often exhibit biases related to sensitive attributes such as gender, race, and religion. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Haoyu Liang , Peijian Zeng , Wentao Huang , Aimin Yang , Dong Zhou

Self-correction of large language models (LLMs) emerges as a critical component for enhancing their reasoning performance. Although various self-correction methods have been proposed, a comprehensive evaluation of these methods remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guiyao Tie , Zenghui Yuan , Zeli Zhao , Chaoran Hu , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Sizhe Zhang , Junran Wu , Xiaoyue Tu , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown powerful performance and development prospects and are widely deployed in the real world. However, LLMs can capture social biases from unprocessed training data and propagate the biases to downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yingji Li , Mengnan Du , Rui Song , Xin Wang , Ying Wang