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Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD) has gained traction as a promising solution for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged and become a promising approach to achieving AHD, but current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jiawei Xu , Feng-Feng Wei , Wei-Neng Chen

Large Language Models are increasingly proposed as cognitive components for robotic systems, yet their opaque decision processes make it difficult to explain success or failure in closed-loop embodied tasks. Following an empirical AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Oussama Zenkri , Oliver Brock

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), as a crucial research problem of Embodied AI, requires an embodied agent to navigate through complex 3D environments following natural language instructions. Recent research has highlighted the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bingqian Lin , Yunshuang Nie , Ziming Wei , Jiaqi Chen , Shikui Ma , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaojun Chang , Xiaodan Liang

Safe navigation is essential for autonomous systems operating in hazardous environments. Traditional planning methods excel at long-horizon tasks but rely on a predefined graph with fixed distance metrics. In contrast, safe Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Meng Feng , Viraj Parimi , Brian Williams

Training-free Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) agents powered by foundation models can follow instructions and explore 3D environments. However, existing approaches rely on greedy frontier selection and passive spatial memory, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xueying Li , Feng Lyu , Hao Wu , Mingliu Liu , Jia-Nan Liu , Guozi Liu

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) incorporates temporal abstraction into reinforcement learning (RL) by explicitly taking advantage of hierarchical structure. Modern HRL typically designs a hierarchical agent composed of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Sang-Hyun Lee , Yoonjae Jung , Seung-Woo Seo

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have entered the commercialization stage, but their limited ability to interact and express intentions still poses challenges in interactions with Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). Recent advances in large language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shiyu Fang , Jiaqi Liu , Chengkai Xu , Chen Lv , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) perform complex tasks through long-horizon reasoning and tool interaction, where a fundamental trade-off arises between execution efficiency and reasoning robustness. Models at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wenbo Gao , Renxi Liu , Xian Wang , Fang Guo , Shuai Yang , Xi Chen , Hui-Ling Zhen , Hanting Chen , Weizhe Lin , Xiaosong Li , Yaoyuan Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning capabilities, their deployment as embodied agents still faces fundamental challenges in long-horizon planning. Unlike open-ended text generation, embodied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiang Li , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Intelligent physical systems as embodied cognitive systems must perform high-level reasoning while concurrently managing an underlying control architecture. The link between cognition and control must manage the problem of converting…

Long-horizon robotic manipulation poses significant challenges for autonomous systems, requiring extended reasoning, precise execution, and robust error recovery across complex sequential tasks. Current approaches, whether based on static…

We introduce Meta-Reasoning Prompting (MRP), a novel and efficient system prompting method for large language models (LLMs) inspired by human meta-reasoning. Traditional in-context learning-based reasoning techniques, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peizhong Gao , Ao Xie , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia , Haipeng Mi , Furu Wei

Automating operations research (OR) with large language models (LLMs) remains limited by hand-crafted reasoning--execution workflows. Complex OR tasks require adaptive coordination among problem interpretation, mathematical formulation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiahao Huang , Peilan Xu , Xiaoya Nan , Wenjian Luo

Effective human-robot collaboration (HRC) requires translating high-level intent into contact-stable whole-body motion while continuously adapting to a human partner. Many vision-language-action (VLA) systems learn end-to-end mappings from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hao Zhang , Ding Zhao , H. Eric Tseng

While large reasoning models demonstrate strong performance on complex tasks, they lack the ability to adjust reasoning token usage based on task difficulty. This often leads to the "overthinking" problem -- excessive and unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Siye Wu , Jian Xie , Yikai Zhang , Aili Chen , Kai Zhang , Yu Su , Yanghua Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Recent years, multi-hop reasoning has been widely studied for knowledge graph (KG) reasoning due to its efficacy and interpretability. However, previous multi-hop reasoning approaches are subject to two primary shortcomings. First, agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zijian Wang , Bin Wang , Haifeng Jing , Huayu Li , Hongbo Dou

Robots are increasingly expected to execute open ended natural language requests in human environments, which demands reliable long horizon execution under partial observability. This is especially challenging for humanoids because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Peng Ren , Haoyang Ge , Chuan Qi , Cong Huang , Hong Li , Jiang Zhao , Pei Chi , Kai Chen

Deep reasoning is fundamental for solving complex tasks, especially in vision-centric scenarios that demand sequential, multimodal understanding. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate agents with fully synthetic, single-turn…

As LLM agents transition from short, static problem solving to executing complex, long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments, the ability to handle user interruptions, such as adding requirement or revising goals, during mid-task execution…