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Globally, Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have revealed evidence supporting an existing gravitational wave background (GWB) signal in the PTA data set. Apart from acquiring more observations, the sensitivity of PTA experiments can be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 El Mehdi Zahraoui , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Willem van Straten , Renate Meyer , Sergei Gulyaev

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently provided compelling evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in the nanohertz frequency band, offering a unique window into fundamental physics. Here, we explore implications…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-10 Mohammadreza Davari , Alireza Allahyari

The stability of the spin of pulsars and the precision with which these spins can be determined, allows many unique tests of interest to physics and astrophysics. Perhaps the most challenging and revolutionary of these, is the detection of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-07 Joris P. W. Verbiest , Sarah J. Vigeland , Nataliya K. Porayko , Siyuan Chen , Daniel J. Reardon

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are being used to search for very low frequency gravitational waves. A gravitational wave signal appears in pulsar timing residuals through two components: one independent of and one dependent on the pulsar's…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Matthew Pitkin

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are Galactic-scale gravitational wave (GW) detectors consisting of precisely-timed pulsars distributed across the sky. Within the decade, PTAs are expected to detect the nanohertz GWs emitted by close-separation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 Tingting Liu , Tyler Cohen , Casey McGrath , Paul Demorest , Sarah Vigeland

We estimate the sensitivity to nano-Hertz gravitational waves of pulsar timing experiments in which two highly-stable millisecond pulsars are tracked simultaneously with two neighboring radio telescopes that are referenced to the same…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-23 Massimo Tinto

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence. We present the results of the first…

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments have reported strong evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If interpreted as primordial Gravitational Waves (pGWs), the signal favors a strongly blue-tilted spectrum.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-12 Taotao Qiu , Mian Zhu

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently entered the detection era, quickly moving beyond the goal of simply improving sensitivity at the lowest frequencies for the sake of observing the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), and…

The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) is a collaboration of researchers who are actively engaged in using North American radio telescopes to detect and study gravitational waves via pulsar timing. To…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Maura McLaughlin

The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) is a multi-institutional, multi-telescope collaboration, with the goal of using high-precision pulsar timing to directly detect gravitational waves. In this article we discuss the EPTA member…

One of the primary objectives for Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is to detect a stochastic background generated by the incoherent superposition of gravitational waves (GWs), in particular from the cosmic population of supermassive black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-09-30 Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Trevor Sidery

The first direct detection of gravitational waves may be made through observations of pulsars. The principal aim of pulsar timing array projects being carried out worldwide is to detect ultra-low frequency gravitational waves (f ~ 10^-9 to…

A new approach to the problem of gravitational waves detection based on simultaneous timing of several pulsars and subsequent expansion of the post-fit timing data into components of different spectral kind (with different spectral indices)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Alexander E. Rodin

The recent evidence of nanohertz (nHz) gravitational wave (GW) background by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations has sparked considerable interest in understanding its astrophysical origins, particularly regarding supermassive black…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-01 Jiming Yu , Zhen Pan

In the nanohertz band, the spatial correlations in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) produced by interfering gravitational waves (GWs) from multiple sources likely deviate from the traditional ones without interference under the assumption of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-01 Yu-Mei Wu , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), aimed at detecting gravitational waves (GWs) in the $1\sim 100$ nHz range, have recently made significant strides. Compelling evidence has emerged for a common spectrum signal spatially correlated among pulsars,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-31 Yu-Mei Wu , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

The International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) is a galactic-scale gravitational-wave observatory that monitors an array of millisecond pulsars. The timing precision of these pulsars is such that one can measure the correlated changes in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-04 Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Kejia Lee

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments are expected to be sensitive to gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) inspiralling along eccentric orbits. We compare the computational cost of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-03 Abhimanyu Susobhanan