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Embodied Reference Understanding requires identifying a target object in a visual scene based on both language instructions and pointing cues. While prior works have shown progress in open-vocabulary object detection, they often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Fevziye Irem Eyiokur , Dogucan Yaman , Hazım Kemal Ekenel , Alexander Waibel

In complex embodied long-horizon manipulation tasks, effective task decomposition and execution require synergistic integration of textual logical reasoning and visual-spatial imagination to ensure efficient and accurate operation. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xinyan Cai , Shiguang Wu , Dafeng Chi , Yuzheng Zhuang , Xingyue Quan , Jianye Hao , Qiang Guan

Multimodal embedding models, built upon causal Vision Language Models (VLMs), have shown promise in various tasks. However, current approaches face three key limitations: the use of causal attention in VLM backbones is suboptimal for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haonan Chen , Hong Liu , Yuping Luo , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Zhicheng Dou

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) extends LLM capabilities by leveraging external environments. However, existing methods lack the deliberation during sequential tool invocation required for strategic planning and self-correction. While RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang He , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Yufei Zhang , Kai Xiong , Zhouhao Sun , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Language Models show great potential with external tools, but face significant challenges in complex, multi-turn tool invocation. They often exhibit weak planning, tool hallucination, erroneous parameter generation, and struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yue Hu , Yanbing Liu

Understanding what knowledge is implicitly encoded in deep learning models is essential for improving the interpretability of AI systems. This paper examines common methods to explain the knowledge encoded in word embeddings, which are core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hanna Herasimchyk , Alhassan Abdelhalim , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

Inspired by the success of generative pretraining in natural language, we ask whether the same principles can yield strong self-supervised visual learners. Instead of training models to output features for downstream use, we train them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Sihan Xu , Ziqiao Ma , Wenhao Chai , Xuweiyi Chen , Weiyang Jin , Joyce Chai , Saining Xie , Stella X. Yu

Automated emotion detection in speech is a challenging task due to the complex interdependence between words and the manner in which they are spoken. It is made more difficult by the available datasets; their small size and incompatible…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-16 Amith Ananthram , Kailash Karthik Saravanakumar , Jessica Huynh , Homayoon Beigi

When a multimodal Transformer answers a visual question, is the prediction driven by visual evidence, linguistic reasoning, or genuinely fused cross-modal computation -- and how does this structure evolve across layers? We address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Hongxuan Wu , Yukun Zhang , Xueqing Zhou

Visual Grounding (VG) aims to utilize given natural language queries to locate specific target objects within images. While current transformer-based approaches demonstrate strong localization performance in standard scene (i.e, scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiangnan Xie , Xiaolong Zheng , Liang Zheng

Modern approaches to enhancing Large Language Models' factual accuracy and knowledge utilization face a fundamental trade-off: non-parametric retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides flexible access to external knowledge but suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Rubin Wei , Jiaqi Cao , Jiarui Wang , Jushi Kai , Qipeng Guo , Bowen Zhou , Zhouhan Lin

Recent multi-modal contrastive learning models have demonstrated the ability to learn an embedding space suitable for building strong vision classifiers, by leveraging the rich information in large-scale image-caption datasets. Our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yuhui Zhang , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , James Zou , Serena Yeung

Despite Multi-modal Large Language Models (MM-LLMs) have made exciting strides recently, they are still struggling to efficiently model the interactions among multi-modal inputs and the generation in non-textual modalities. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Zhen Yang , Yingxue Zhang , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance by integrating powerful language backbones with large-scale visual encoders. Among these, latent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) methods enable implicit reasoning in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yang Zhang , Danyang Li , Yuxuan Li , Xin Zhang , Tianyu Xie , Mingming Cheng , Xiang Li

"Thinking with images" has emerged as an effective paradigm for advancing visual reasoning, extending beyond text-only chains of thought by injecting visual evidence into intermediate reasoning steps. However, existing methods fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Qixun Wang , Yang Shi , Yifei Wang , Yuanxing Zhang , Pengfei Wan , Kun Gai , Xianghua Ying , Yisen Wang

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have benefited from Reinforcement Learning (RL) for enhanced reasoning. However, existing methods still face critical limitations, including the lack of low-level visual information and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiheng Wu , Tong Wang , Shuning Wang , Naiming Liu , Yumeng Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language answering tasks. Despite their strengths, these models often encounter challenges in achieving complex reasoning tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jinhao Chen , Zhen Yang , Jianxin Shi , Tianyu Wo , Jie Tang

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

Multimodal reasoning aims to enhance the capabilities of MLLMs by incorporating intermediate reasoning steps before reaching the final answer. It has evolved from text-only reasoning to the integration of visual information, enabling the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chao Chen , Zhixin Ma , Yongqi Li , Yupeng Hu , Yinwei Wei , Wenjie Li , Liqiang Nie

Large vision-language models (VLMs) often benefit from intermediate visual cues, either injected via external tools or generated as latent visual tokens during reasoning, but these mechanisms still overlook fine-grained visual evidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shuoshuo Zhang , Yizhen Zhang , Jingjing Fu , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , Yujiu Yang , Rui Wang