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Trustworthy capability evaluations are crucial for ensuring the safety of AI systems, and are becoming a key component of AI regulation. However, the developers of an AI system, or the AI system itself, may have incentives for evaluations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Teun van der Weij , Felix Hofstätter , Ollie Jaffe , Samuel F. Brown , Francis Rhys Ward

As artificial intelligence transforms a wide range of sectors and drives innovation, it also introduces complex challenges concerning ethics, transparency, bias, and fairness. The imperative for integrating Responsible AI (RAI) principles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Amna Batool , Didar Zowghi , Muneera Bano

Embodied agents are evolving from passive reasoning systems into active executors that interact with tools, robots, and physical environments. Once granted execution authority, the central challenge becomes how to keep actions governable at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

The study of complex adaptive systems, pioneered in physics, biology, and the social sciences, offers important lessons for AI governance. Contemporary AI systems and the environments in which they operate exhibit many of the properties…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Noam Kolt , Michal Shur-Ofry , Reuven Cohen

Contemporary AI governance frameworks rely heavily on post hoc oversight, policy guidance, and behavioral alignment techniques, yet these mechanisms become fragile as systems gain autonomy, speed, and operational opacity. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Adam Massimo Mazzocchetti

Governance opacity over AI systems shifts in kind as capability asymmetry grows, and the strongest forms defeat the disclosure-based remedies governance ordinarily relies on. This paper applies a six-dimension framework from political…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tony Rost

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems grow more powerful, autonomous, and embedded in critical infrastructure, their identification and traceability become foundational to regulatory oversight and sustainable digital governance. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Di Kevin Gao , Jingdao Chen , Shahram Rahimi

As AI rapidly advances, the security risks posed by AI are becoming increasingly severe, especially in critical scenarios, including those posing existential risks. If AI becomes uncontrollable, manipulated, or actively evades safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Donglin Wang , Weiyun Liang , Chunyuan Chen , Jing Xu , Yulong Fu

As AI systems evolve from static tools to dynamic agents, traditional categorical governance frameworks -- based on fixed risk tiers, levels of autonomy, or human oversight models -- are increasingly insufficient on their own. Systems built…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zeynep Engin , David Hand

This paper grounds ethics in evolutionary biology, viewing moral norms as adaptive mechanisms that render cooperation fitness-viable under selection pressure. Current alignment approaches add ethics post hoc, treating it as an external…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Dylan Waldner

This paper critically evaluates the applicability of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Guide framework to Artificial Intelligence (AI) software projects, highlighting key limitations and proposing tailored adaptations. Unlike…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Alexey Burdakov , Max Jaihyun Ahn

Modern software delivery has accelerated from quarterly releases to multiple deployments per day. While CI/CD tooling has matured, human decision points interpreting flaky tests, choosing rollback strategies, tuning feature flags, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Baqar , Saba Naqvi , Rajat Khanda

The governance of frontier AI increasingly relies on controlling access to computational resources, yet the hardware-level mechanisms invoked by policy proposals remain largely unexamined from an engineering perspective. This paper bridges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Samar Ansari

Modern software systems are increasingly developed within rapid continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, where ensuring security prior to release presents significant technical and organizational challenges. Traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michael Wienczkowski

Classical scaling laws model AI performance as monotonically improving with model size. We challenge this assumption by deriving the Institutional Scaling Law, showing that institutional fitness -- jointly measuring capability, trust,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mark Baciak , Thomas A. Cellucci

Organizations deploying AI-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems face fragmented governance: ISO/IEC 42001 demands a certifiable management system, the EU AI Act imposes binding high-risk obligations from August 2026, and the NIST AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Talal Ashraf Butt , Muhammad Iqbal , Razi Iqbal

Could artificial intelligence ever become truly conscious in a functional sense; this paper explores that open-ended question through the lens of Life, a concept unifying classical biological criteria (Oxford, NASA, Koshland) with empirical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Azadeh Alavi , Hossein Akhoundi , Fatemeh Kouchmeshki

Recent advances in large language models have sparked growing interest in AI agents capable of solving complex, real-world tasks. However, most existing agent systems rely on manually crafted configurations that remain static after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinyuan Fang , Yanwen Peng , Xi Zhang , Yingxu Wang , Xinhao Yi , Guibin Zhang , Yi Xu , Bin Wu , Siwei Liu , Zihao Li , Zhaochun Ren , Nikos Aletras , Xi Wang , Han Zhou , Zaiqiao Meng

In the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity, ensuring the reproducibility of AI-driven research is critical to maintaining the reliability and integrity of security systems. This paper addresses the reproducibility crisis within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Richard H. Moulton , Gary A. McCully , John D. Hastings

AI agents -- systems that plan, reason, and act using large language models -- produce non-deterministic, path-dependent behavior that cannot be fully governed at design time, where with governed we mean striking the right balance between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maurits Kaptein , Vassilis-Javed Khan , Andriy Podstavnychy