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Active Inference is an emerging framework providing a quantitative account of behavioral processes in neuroscience and a principled approach to decision-making under uncertainty. Its application to agency problems is natural, offering an…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Francesco Maria Mancinelli , Matteo Torzoni , Domenico Maisto , Francesco Donnarumma , Alberto Corigliano , Giovanni Pezzulo , Andrea Manzoni

Sequential memory, the ability to form and accurately recall a sequence of events or stimuli in the correct order, is a fundamental prerequisite for biological and artificial intelligence as it underpins numerous cognitive functions (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Ramy Mounir , Sudeep Sarkar

As autonomous agents, from self-driving cars to virtual assistants, become increasingly present in everyday life, safe and effective collaboration depends on human understanding of agents' intentions. Current intent communication approaches…

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

The emergence of Generative AI is catalyzing a paradigm shift in user interfaces from command-based to intent-based outcome specification. In this paper, we explore abstract-to-detailed task transitions in the context of frontend code…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Qinshi Zhang , Latisha Besariani Hendra , Mohan Chi , Zijian Ding

We explore the use of Active Inference (AIF) as a computational user model for spatial pointing, a key problem in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). We present an AIF agent with continuous state, action, and observation spaces, performing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Markus Klar , Sebastian Stein , Fraser Paterson , John H. Williamson , Roderick Murray-Smith

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly autonomous agentic systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs), presents new opportunities to accelerate drug discovery by improving in-silico modeling and reducing dependence…

The rise of generative and autonomous agents marks a fundamental shift in computing, demanding a rethinking of how humans collaborate with probabilistic, partially autonomous systems. We present the Human-AI-Experience (HAX) framework, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marc Scibelli , Krystelle Gonzalez Papaux , Julia Valenti , Srishti Kush

LLM-based agents have emerged as transformative tools capable of executing complex tasks through iterative planning and action, achieving significant advancements in understanding and addressing user needs. Yet, their effectiveness remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mithat Can Ozgun , Jiahuan Pei , Koen Hindriks , Lucia Donatelli , Qingzhi Liu , Junxiao Wang

In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs), have made human-computer interactions more frequent, efficient, and accessible across sectors ranging from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Przemek Pospieszny , Dominika P. Brodowicz

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has inspired the development of LLM-based agents capable of addressing complex, real-world tasks. However, these agents often struggle during task execution due to methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yaoxiang Wang , Zhiyong Wu , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

Current approaches to proactive assistance move beyond the ask-and-respond paradigm by anticipating user needs. In practice, they either burden users with clarifying questions or rely on context-based extrapolation, often leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kirandeep Kaur , Vinayak Gupta , Aditya Gupta , Chirag Shah

Outcome-driven reinforcement learning has advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but prevailing tool-augmented approaches train a single, monolithic policy that interleaves thoughts and tool calls under full context; this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zhuofeng Li , Haoxiang Zhang , Seungju Han , Sheng Liu , Jianwen Xie , Yu Zhang , Yejin Choi , James Zou , Pan Lu

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools and retrieval systems to autonomously complete complex tasks. However, this design exposes agents to indirect prompt injection (IPI), where attacker-controlled context…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tian Zhang , Yiwei Xu , Juan Wang , Keyan Guo , Xiaoyang Xu , Bowen Xiao , Quanlong Guan , Jinlin Fan , Jiawei Liu , Zhiquan Liu , Hongxin Hu

Any human activity can be represented as a temporal sequence of actions performed to achieve a certain goal. Unlike machine-made time series, these action sequences are highly disparate as the time taken to finish a similar action might…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Vinayak Gupta , Srikanta Bedathur

The rapid advancement of intelligent agents and Large Language Models (LLMs) is reshaping the pervasive computing field. Their ability to perceive, reason, and act through natural language understanding enables autonomous problem-solving in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Gianni Molinari , Fabio Ciravegna

We study budget-constrained tool-augmented agents, where a large language model must solve multi-step tasks by invoking external tools under a strict monetary budget. We formalize this setting as sequential decision making in context space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanbing Liu , Chunhao Tian , Nan An , Ziyuan Wang , Pinyan Lu , Changyuan Yu , Qi Qi

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), widely regarded as the fundamental goal of artificial intelligence, represents the realization of cognitive capabilities that enable the handling of general tasks with human-like proficiency.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Bo Yu , Jiangning Wei , Minzhen Hu , Zejie Han , Tianjian Zou , Ye He , Jun Liu

Despite the growing adoption of mixed reality and interactive AI agents, it remains challenging for these systems to generate high quality 2D/3D scenes in unseen environments. The common practice requires deploying an AI agent to collect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Qiuyuan Huang , Jae Sung Park , Abhinav Gupta , Paul Bennett , Ran Gong , Subhojit Som , Baolin Peng , Owais Khan Mohammed , Chris Pal , Yejin Choi , Jianfeng Gao

Most commodity software lacks accessible Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), requiring autonomous agents to interact solely through pixel-based Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this API-free setting, large language model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chenwei Tang , Lin Long , Xinyu Liu , Jingyu Xing , Zizhou Wang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jiawei Du , Liangli Zhen , Jiancheng Lv