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In 2013, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the geographic South Pole detected evidence for a diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux above ~60 TeV. To this day, IceCube has operated with full detector configuration for more than 6…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-20 Donglian Xu

Neutrinos from blazars can originate from inelastic scatterings between protons within their jets and sub-GeV dark matter (DM) around them, explaining IceCube detections of neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 that are otherwise challenging for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-13 Andrea Giovanni De Marchi , Alessandro Granelli , Jacopo Nava , Filippo Sala

Star-forming galaxies have been predicted to contribute considerably to the diffuse gamma-ray background as they are guaranteed reservoirs of cosmic rays. Assuming that the hadronic interactions responsible for high-energy gamma rays also…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Irene Tamborra , Shin'ichiro Ando , Kohta Murase

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos for more than a decade. A relevant background to the astrophysical flux is prompt atmospheric neutrinos, originating from the decay of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-22 R. Abbasi , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , S. K. Agarwalla , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , J. M. Alameddine , S. Ali , N. M. Amin , K. Andeen , C. Argüelles , Y. Ashida , S. Athanasiadou , S. N. Axani , R. Babu , X. Bai , J. Baines-Holmes , A. Balagopal V. , S. W. Barwick , S. Bash , V. Basu , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , P. Behrens , J. Beise , C. Bellenghi , S. Benkel , S. BenZvi , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , D. Z. Besson , E. Blaufuss , L. Bloom , S. Blot , I. Bodo , F. Bontempo , J. Y. Book Motzkin , C. Boscolo Meneguolo , S. Böser , O. Botner , J. Böttcher , J. Braun , B. Brinson , Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis , R. T. Burley , D. Butterfield , M. A. Campana , K. Carloni , J. Carpio , S. Chattopadhyay , N. Chau , Z. Chen , D. Chirkin , S. Choi , B. A. Clark , P. Coleman , G. H. Collin , D. A. Coloma Borja , A. Connolly , J. M. Conrad , D. F. Cowen , C. De Clercq , J. J. DeLaunay , D. Delgado , T. Delmeulle , S. Deng , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , G. de Wasseige , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , S. DiKerby , T. Ding , M. Dittmer , A. Domi , L. Draper , L. Dueser , D. Durnford , K. Dutta , M. A. DuVernois , T. Ehrhardt , L. Eidenschink , A. Eimer , C. Eldridge , P. Eller , E. Ellinger , D. Elsässer , R. Engel , H. Erpenbeck , W. Esmail , S. Eulig , J. Evans , P. A. Evenson , K. L. Fan , K. Fang , K. Farrag , A. R. Fazely , A. Fedynitch , N. Feigl , C. Finley , L. Fischer , D. Fox , A. Franckowiak , S. Fukami , P. Fürst , J. Gallagher , E. Ganster , A. Garcia , M. Garcia , G. Garg , E. Genton , L. Gerhardt , A. Ghadimi , C. Glaser , T. Glüsenkamp , J. G. Gonzalez , S. Goswami , A. Granados , D. Grant , S. J. Gray , S. Griffin , S. Griswold , K. M. Groth , D. Guevel , C. Günther , P. Gutjahr , C. Ha , C. Haack , A. Hallgren , L. Halve , F. Halzen , L. Hamacher , M. Ha Minh , M. Handt , K. Hanson , J. Hardin , A. A. Harnisch , P. Hatch , A. Haungs , J. Häußler , K. Helbing , J. Hellrung , B. Henke , L. Hennig , F. Henningsen , L. Heuermann , R. Hewett , N. Heyer , S. Hickford , A. Hidvegi , C. Hill , G. C. Hill , R. Hmaid , K. D. Hoffman , D. Hooper , S. Hori , K. Hoshina , M. Hostert , W. Hou , M. Hrywniak , T. Huber , K. Hultqvist , K. Hymon , A. Ishihara , W. Iwakiri , M. Jacquart , S. Jain , O. Janik , M. Jansson , M. Jeong , M. Jin , N. Kamp , D. Kang , W. Kang , A. Kappes , L. Kardum , T. Karg , M. Karl , A. Karle , A. Katil , M. Kauer , J. L. Kelley , M. Khanal , A. Khatee Zathul , A. Kheirandish , H. Kimku , J. Kiryluk , C. Klein , S. R. Klein , Y. Kobayashi , A. Kochocki , R. Koirala , H. Kolanoski , T. Kontrimas , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , P. Koundal , M. Kowalski , T. Kozynets , A. Kravka , N. Krieger , J. Krishnamoorthi , T. Krishnan , K. Kruiswijk , E. Krupczak , A. Kumar , E. Kun , N. Kurahashi , N. Lad , C. Lagunas Gualda , L. Lallement Arnaud , M. J. Larson , F. Lauber , J. P. Lazar , K. Leonard DeHolton , A. Leszczyńska , C. Li , J. Liao , C. Lin , Q. R. Liu , Y. T. Liu , M. Liubarska , C. Love , L. Lu , F. Lucarelli , W. Luszczak , Y. Lyu , M. Macdonald , J. Madsen , E. Magnus , Y. Makino , E. Manao , S. Mancina , A. Mand , I. C. Mari{ş} , S. Marka , Z. Marka , L. Marten , I. Martinez-Soler , R. Maruyama , J. Mauro , F. Mayhew , F. McNally , K. Meagher , S. Mechbal , A. Medina , M. Meier , Y. Merckx , L. Merten , J. Mitchell , L. Molchany , S. Mondal , T. Montaruli , R. W. Moore , Y. Morii , A. Mosbrugger , M. Moulai , D. Mousadi , E. Moyaux , T. Mukherjee , R. Naab , M. Nakos , U. Naumann , J. Necker , L. Neste , M. Neumann , H. Niederhausen , M. U. Nisa , K. Noda , A. Noell , A. Novikov , A. Obertacke , V. O'Dell , A. Olivas , R. Orsoe , J. Osborn , E. O'Sullivan , V. Palusova , H. Pandya , A. Parenti , N. Park , V. Parrish , E. N. Paudel , L. Paul , C. Pérez de los Heros , T. Pernice , T. C. Petersen , J. Peterson , M. Plum , A. Pontén , V. Poojyam , Y. Popovych , M. Prado Rodriguez , B. Pries , R. Procter-Murphy , G. T. Przybylski , L. Pyras , C. Raab , J. Rack-Helleis , N. Rad , M. Ravn , K. Rawlins , Z. Rechav , A. Rehman , I. Reistroffer , E. Resconi , S. Reusch , C. D. Rho , W. Rhode , L. Ricca , B. Riedel , A. Rifaie , E. J. Roberts , M. Rongen , A. Rosted , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , L. Ruohan , D. Ryckbosch , J. Saffer , D. Salazar-Gallegos , P. Sampathkumar , A. Sandrock , G. Sanger-Johnson , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , M. Scarnera , P. Schaile , M. Schaufel , H. Schieler , S. Schindler , L. Schlickmann , B. Schlüter , F. Schlüter , N. Schmeisser , T. Schmidt , F. G. Schröder , L. Schumacher , S. Schwirn , S. Sclafani , D. Seckel , L. Seen , M. Seikh , S. Seunarine , P. A. Sevle Myhr , R. Shah , S. Shah , S. Shefali , N. Shimizu , B. Skrzypek , R. Snihur , J. Soedingrekso , D. Soldin , P. Soldin , G. Sommani , C. Spannfellner , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , J. Stachurska , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , T. Stezelberger , T. Stürwald , T. Stuttard , G. W. Sullivan , I. Taboada , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , A. Thakuri , M. Thiesmeyer , W. G. Thompson , J. Thwaites , S. Tilav , K. Tollefson , S. Toscano , D. Tosi , A. Trettin , A. K. Upadhyay , K. Upshaw , A. Vaidyanathan , N. Valtonen-Mattila , J. Valverde , J. Vandenbroucke , T. Van Eeden , N. van Eijndhoven , L. Van Rootselaar , J. van Santen , J. Vara , F. Varsi , M. Venugopal , M. Vereecken , S. Vergara Carrasco , S. Verpoest , D. Veske , A. Vijai , J. Villarreal , C. Walck , A. Wang , E. H. S. Warrick , C. Weaver , P. Weigel , A. Weindl , J. Weldert , A. Y. Wen , C. Wendt , J. Werthebach , M. Weyrauch , N. Whitehorn , C. H. Wiebusch , D. R. Williams , L. Witthaus , M. Wolf , G. Wrede , X. W. Xu , J. P. Yanez , Y. Yao , E. Yildizci , S. Yoshida , R. Young , F. Yu , S. Yu , T. Yuan , S. Yun-Cárcamo , A. Zander Jurowitzki , A. Zegarelli , S. Zhang , Z. Zhang , P. Zhelnin , P. Zilberman

The first high-energy neutrino source identified by IceCube was a blazar -- an active galactic nucleus driving a relativistic jet towards Earth. Jets driven by accreting black holes are commonly assumed to be needed for high-energy neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-30 Emma Kun , Imre Bartos , Julia Becker Tjus , Peter L. Biermann , Anna Franckowiak , Francis Halzen , Santiago del Palacio , Jooyun Woo

We investigate the consequences of acceleration of nuclei in jets of active galaxies not far from the surface of an accretion disk. The nuclei can be accelerated in the re-connection regions in the jet and/or at the jet boundary, between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-23 W. Bednarek

The observed very high energy spectra of distant blazars are well described by secondary gamma rays produced in line-of-sight interactions of cosmic rays with background photons. In the absence of the cosmic-ray contribution, one would not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-07-29 Oleg E. Kalashev , Alexander Kusenko , Warren Essey

IceCube has discovered a flux of astrophysical neutrinos, and more recently has used muon-neutrino datasets to present evidence for one source; a flaring blazar known as TXS 0506+056. However, the sources responsible for the majority of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Steve Sclafani , Mirco Hünnefeld

The IceCube evidence for cosmic neutrinos in the high-energy starting events (HESE) sample has inspired a large number of hypothesis on their origin, mainly due to the poor precision on the measurement of the direction of showering events.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-19 M. Spurio

Very recently, the IceCube Collaboration reported a flux of neutrinos in the energy range 50 TeV < E_\nu < 2 PeV, which departs from expectations from atmospheric background at the 5.7\sigma level. This flux is in remarkable agreement with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-07-09 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Thomas C. Paul , Luiz H. M. da Silva , Diego F. Torres , Brian J. Vlcek

IceCube discovered a flux of cosmic neutrinos originating in extragalactic sources with an energy density close to that in gamma rays and cosmic rays. A multimessenger campaign triggered by the coincident observation of a gamma-ray flare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-23 Francis Halzen

The observed spectrum of ultrahigh energy neutrinos at IceCube might be indicative of absorption of such neutrinos in ultralight dark matter halos. We point out that various features of this spectrum can be explained by such absorptions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-10-12 Siddhartha Karmakar , Sujata Pandey , Subhendu Rakshit

The IceCube experiment discovered PeV-energy neutrinos originating beyond our Galaxy with an energy flux that is comparable to that of TeV-energy gamma rays and EeV-energy cosmic rays. Neutrinos provide the only unobstructed view of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-03 Francis Halzen , Ali Kheirandish

Recently the IceCube collaboration has reported the observation of 28 contained events with a visible energy in the interval between 60 TeV and 1.5 PeV, and has argued that this detection is evidence, with a statistical significance of more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-08-12 Paolo Lipari

The sources of galactic charged cosmic rays are so far unknown, because their arrival directions are randomized in the galactic magnetic field. Objects accelerating hadrons are expected to produce high-energy neutrinos. In addition, a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-16 A. Sandrock

The origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation at 1-10 MeV is still unknown. Although the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) up to a few hundreds keV can be accounted for by the sum of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), current…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yoshiyuki Inoue , Tomonori Totani , Yoshihiro Ueda

The IceCube neutrino telescope discovered PeV-energy neutrinos originating beyond our Galaxy with an energy flux that is comparable to that of GeV-energy gamma rays and EeV-energy cosmic rays. These neutrinos provide the only unobstructed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 Francis Halzen

High-energy neutrino and $\gamma$-ray emission has been observed from the Galactic plane, which may come from individual sources and/or diffuse cosmic rays. We evaluate the contribution of these two components through the multimessenger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-30 Ke Fang , Kohta Murase

We briefly review the main results of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory one decade after the discovery of cosmic neutrinos. We emphasize the importance of multimessenger observations, most prominently for the discovery of neutrinos from our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-04 Ke Fang , Francis Halzen

We study if the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux can come from blazar jets -- a subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) -- while it, at the same time, respects the blazar stacking limit based on source catalogs and is consistent with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-25 Andrea Palladino , Xavier Rodrigues , Shan Gao , Walter Winter