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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models organize knowledge into explicitly routed expert modules, making expert-level representations traceable and analyzable. By analyzing expert activation patterns in MoE large language models (LLMs), we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chang Liu , Boyu Shi , Xu Yang , Xin Geng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly reduced inference costs through sparse activation. However, this sparse activation paradigm also introduces new safety challenges. Since only a subset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jona te Lintelo , Lichao Wu , Marina Krček , Sengim Karayalçin , Stjepan Picek

The integration of multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical data holds great promise for enhancing the diagnosis of neurological disorders (NDs) in real-world clinical settings. Deep Learning (DL) has recently emerged as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Wajih Hassan Raza , Aamir Bader Shah , Yu Wen , Yidan Shen , Juan Diego Martinez Lemus , Mya Caryn Schiess , Timothy Michael Ellmore , Renjie Hu , Xin Fu

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has emerged as a critical paradigm for collaborative model training in privacy-sensitive domains such as finance and healthcare. However, most existing VFL frameworks rely on the idealized assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jon Irureta , Gorka Azkune , Jon Imaz , Aizea Lojo , Javier Fernandez-Marques

Large multi-modal models (LMMs) exhibit remarkable performance across numerous tasks. However, generalist LMMs often suffer from performance degradation when tuned over a large collection of tasks. Recent research suggests that Mixture of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jialin Wu , Xia Hu , Yaqing Wang , Bo Pang , Radu Soricut

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, the reliability assessment of MoE lags behind its surging applications. Moreover, when transferred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Guanjie Chen , Xinyu Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Yu Cheng

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models outperform conventional models by selectively activating different subnets, named experts, on a per-token basis. This gated computation generates dynamic communications that cannot be determined beforehand,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Xudong Liao , Yijun Sun , Han Tian , Xinchen Wan , Yilun Jin , Zilong Wang , Zhenghang Ren , Xinyang Huang , Wenxue Li , Kin Fai Tse , Zhizhen Zhong , Guyue Liu , Ying Zhang , Xiaofeng Ye , Yiming Zhang , Kai Chen

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Intelligent fault-tolerant (FT) computing has recently demonstrated significant advantages in predicting and diagnosing faults proactively, thereby ensuring reliable service delivery. However, due to the heterogeneity of fault knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Wenjing Xiao , Wenhao Song , Miaojiang Chen , Min Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown remarkable capability in instruction tuning, especially when the number of tasks scales. However, previous methods simply merge all training tasks (e.g. creative writing, coding, and mathematics)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tong Zhu , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Jiacheng Ruan , Wenliang Chen , Yu Cheng

In real-world industrial settings, large language models (LLMs) must learn continually to keep pace with diverse and evolving tasks, requiring self-evolution to refine knowledge under dynamic data distributions. However, existing continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiazheng Kang , Le Huang , Cheng Hou , Zhe Zhao , Zhenxiang Yan , Ting Bai

We present Self-MoE, an approach that transforms a monolithic LLM into a compositional, modular system of self-specialized experts, named MiXSE (MiXture of Self-specialized Experts). Our approach leverages self-specialization, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junmo Kang , Leonid Karlinsky , Hongyin Luo , Zhen Wang , Jacob Hansen , James Glass , David Cox , Rameswar Panda , Rogerio Feris , Alan Ritter

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) traditionally rely on final-layer loss for training and final-layer representations for predictions, potentially overlooking the predictive power embedded in intermediate layers. Surprisingly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Haoyan Luo , Lucia Specia

Diffusion-based stylization has advanced significantly, yet existing methods are limited to color-driven transformations, neglecting complex semantics and material details. We introduce StyleExpert, a semantic-aware framework based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shihao Zhu , Ziheng Ouyang , Yijia Kang , Qilong Wang , Mi Zhou , Bo Li , Ming-Ming Cheng , Qibin Hou

Graph incremental learning is a learning paradigm that aims to adapt trained models to continuously incremented graphs and data over time without the need for retraining on the full dataset. However, regular graph machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lecheng Kong , Theodore Vasiloudis , Seongjun Yun , Han Xie , Xiang Song

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables scalable parameter growth in large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of experts, and its large parameter count necessitates distributed deployment for inference. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yu Han , Lehan Pan , Jie Peng , Ziyang Tao , Hanqi Zhu , Wuyang Zhang , Yanyong Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention from researchers due to their remarkable understanding and generation capabilities in visual language tasks (e.g., visual question answering). However, the rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Xingjiao Wu , Qin Chen , Qingchun Bai , Ze Zhou , Liang He

We present Uni-MoE 2.0 from the Lychee family. As a fully open-source omnimodal large model (OLM), it substantially advances Lychee's Uni-MoE series in language-centric multimodal understanding, reasoning, and generating. Based on the dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Shenyuan Jiang , Haoyuan Shi , Zhenyu Liu , Xuanyu Zhang , Nanhao Deng , Zhenran Xu , Yicheng Ma , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have substantially improved the training of large-scale language models, leading to significant gains in generation quality and reasoning ability. However, most existing research focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Di Zhang , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Lingjie Jiang , Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Zewen Chi , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei
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