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Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by enabling parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, their inference speed is significantly limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Satyam Goyal , Kushal Patel , Tanush Mittal , Arjun Laxman

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) benefit from a flexible decoding mechanism that enables parallelized inference and controllable generations over autoregressive models. Yet such flexibility introduces a critical challenge: inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yichuan Mo , Quan Chen , Mingjie Li , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have been seen as a promising competitor for autoregressive language models. However, diffusion language models have long been constrained by slow inference. A core challenge is that their non-autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xinyin Ma , Runpeng Yu , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Autoregressive (AR) large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks, yet their inherent sequential decoding limits inference efficiency. In this work, we propose Fast-dLLM v2,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chengyue Wu , Hao Zhang , Shuchen Xue , Shizhe Diao , Yonggan Fu , Zhijian Liu , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Enze Xie

Gated DeltaNet (GDN) is a linear attention mechanism that replaces the growing KV cache with a fixed-size recurrent state. Hybrid LLMs like Qwen3-Next use 75% GDN layers and achieve competitive accuracy to attention-only models. However, at…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Neelesh Gupta , Peter Wang , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in various natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, the high memory and computation cost induced by the KV cache limits the inference…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Weikai Xu , Wenxuan Zeng , Qianqian Huang , Meng Li , Ru Huang

Existing causal speech separation models often underperform compared to non-causal models due to difficulties in retaining historical information. To address this, we propose the Time-Frequency Attention Cache Memory (TFACM) model, which…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Guo Chen , Kai Li , Runxuan Yang , Xiaolin Hu

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs), despite their promising performance, still suffer from inferior inference efficiency. This is because dLLMs rely on bidirectional attention and cannot directly benefit from the standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuchu Jiang , Yue Cai , Xiangzhong Luo , Jiale Fu , Jiarui Wang , Chonghan Liu , Xu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have driven significant advancements across diverse NLP tasks, with long-context models gaining prominence for handling extended inputs. However, the expanding key-value (KV) cache size required by Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lijie Yang , Zhihao Zhang , Zhuofu Chen , Zikun Li , Zhihao Jia

This work studies how to adaptively recompute key-value (KV) caches for diffusion large language models (DLMs) to maximize prediction accuracy while minimizing decoding latency. Prior methods' decoders recompute QKV for all tokens at every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Quan Nguyen-Tri , Mukul Ranjan , Zhiqiang Shen

KV cache in autoregressive LLMs eliminates redundant recomputation but has emerged as the dominant memory and bandwidth bottleneck during inference, notably with long contexts and test-time scaling. KV quantization is a key lever for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ji Zhang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising parallel generation paradigm but suffer from slow inference due to numerous refinement steps and the inability to use standard KV caching. We introduce CDLM (Consistency Diffusion Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minseo Kim , Chenfeng Xu , Coleman Hooper , Harman Singh , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) inference on edge AI systems demands efficient execution under tight memory budgets. A key challenge arises from Key-Value (KV) caches, which often exceed available device memory.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Bodon Jeong , Hongsu Byun , Youngjae Kim , Weikuan Yu , Kyungkeun Lee , Jihoon Yang , Sungyong Park

In this work, we propose a deep unified (DU) encoder that embeds source information in a codeword that contains sufficient redundancy to handle both channel and source uncertainties, without enforcing an explicit pilot-data separation. At…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Hao Jiang , Xiaojun Yuan , Qinghua Guo

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

The increasing complexity and scale of photonic and electromagnetic devices demand efficient and accurate numerical solvers. In this work, we develop a parallel overlapping domain decomposition method (DDM) based on the finite-difference…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-26 Zhanwen Wang , Chengnian Huang , Wangtao Lu , Yuntian Chen , Wei E. I. Sha

Point cloud compression methods jointly optimize bitrates and reconstruction distortion. However, balancing compression ratio and reconstruction quality is difficult because low-frequency and high-frequency components contribute differently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiaoge Zhang , Zijie Wu , Mingtao Feng , Zichen Geng , Mehwish Nasim , Saeed Anwar , Ajmal Mian

Reducing the key-value (KV) cache burden in Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly accelerates inference. Dynamically selecting critical KV caches during decoding helps maintain performance. Existing methods use random linear hashing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wenhao Li , Yuxin Zhang , Gen Luo , Haiyuan Wan , Ziyang Gong , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

Content addressable memory (CAM) is widely used in associative search tasks for its highly parallel pattern matching capability. To accommodate the increasingly complex and data-intensive pattern matching tasks, it is critical to keep…