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The development of artificial intelligence systems is transitioning from creating static, task-specific models to dynamic, agent-based systems capable of performing well in a wide range of applications. We propose an Interactive Agent…

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, there is growing demand for AI assistants that are not only reactive but also proactive and personalized. While recent advances have pushed forward proactivity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jiho Kim , Junseong Choi , Woosog Chay , Daeun Kyung , Yeonsu Kwon , Yohan Jo , Edward Choi

Active inference is a mathematical framework for understanding how agents (biological or artificial) interact with their environments, enabling continual adaptation and decision-making. It combines Bayesian inference and free energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rithvik Prakki

Task-oriented proactive dialogue agents play a pivotal role in recruitment, particularly for steering conversations towards specific business outcomes, such as acquiring social-media contacts for private-channel conversion. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhiyong Cao , Dunqiang Liu , Qi Dai , Haojun Xu , Huaiyan Xu , Huan He , Yafei Liu , Siyuan Liu , XiaoLin Lin , Ke Ma , Ruqian Shi , Sijia Yao , Hao Wang , Sicheng Zhou

The rapid evolution of agentic AI marks a new phase in artificial intelligence, where Large Language Models (LLMs) no longer merely respond but act, reason, and adapt. This survey traces the paradigm shift in building agentic AI: from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jitao Sang , Jinlin Xiao , Jiarun Han , Jilin Chen , Xiaoyi Chen , Shuyu Wei , Yongjie Sun , Yuhang Wang

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

Self-evolving language-model agents must decide what to learn next and how to preserve what they have learned across iterations. Existing systems typically carry this cross-iteration knowledge as natural-language feedback, flat episodic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ruiyi Yang , Zechen Li , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Flora D. Salim

This paper argues that Active Inference (AIF) provides a crucial foundation for developing autonomous AI agents capable of learning from experience without continuous human reward engineering. As AI systems begin to exhaust high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Bo Wen

Large Language Model agents are reshaping the industrial landscape. However, most practical agents remain human-designed because tasks differ widely, making them labor-intensive to build. This situation poses a central question: can we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhezheng Hao , Hong Wang , Jian Luo , Jianqing Zhang , Yuyan Zhou , Qiang Lin , Can Wang , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

Dialogue agents based on large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in proactive dialogue, which requires effective strategy planning. However, existing approaches to strategy planning for proactive dialogue face several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Namyoung Kim , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Yeonjun Hwang , Minseok Kang , Iiseo Jihn , Gayoung Kim , Minju Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

Tool-augmented language models have demonstrated strong capabilities, but their reliance on live API access creates scalability and reliability challenges during training and deployment. We propose MTR, a simulation-first training framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chenpeng Wang , Xiaojie Cheng , Chunye Wang , Linfeng Yang , Lei Zhang

In humans, perceptual awareness facilitates the fast recognition and extraction of information from sensory input. This awareness largely depends on how the human agent interacts with the environment. In this work, we propose active neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Alexander Ororbia , Ankur Mali

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

While existing work focuses primarily on task success, we argue that effective real-world agents require optimizing three dimensions: productivity (task completion), proactivity (asking essential questions), and personalization (adapting to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Weiwei Sun , Xuhui Zhou , Weihua Du , Xingyao Wang , Sean Welleck , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap , Yiming Yang

A fundamental challenge in multiagent reinforcement learning is to learn beneficial behaviors in a shared environment with other simultaneously learning agents. In particular, each agent perceives the environment as effectively…

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram

Large language model (LLM) personalization aims to align model outputs with individuals' unique preferences and opinions. While recent efforts have implemented various personalization methods, a unified theoretical framework that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang

With the growing adoption of large language model agents in persistent real-world roles, they naturally encounter continuous streams of tasks. A key limitation, however, is their failure to learn from the accumulated interaction history,…

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as the central control unit of AI agents, yet current approaches remain limited in their ability to deliver personalized interactions. While Retrieval Augmented Generation enhances LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rebecca Westhäußer , Wolfgang Minker , Sebatian Zepf