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Related papers: Blink: CPU-Free LLM Inference by Delegating the Se…

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Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yufeng Gu , Alireza Khadem , Sumanth Umesh , Ning Liang , Xavier Servot , Onur Mutlu , Ravi Iyer , Reetuparna Das

This paper presents ServerlessLLM, a distributed system designed to support low-latency serverless inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). By harnessing the substantial near-GPU storage and memory capacities of inference servers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Yao Fu , Leyang Xue , Yeqi Huang , Andrei-Octavian Brabete , Dmitrii Ustiugov , Yuvraj Patel , Luo Mai

Deploying a large language model (LLM) inference service remains costly because centralized serving depends on specialized GPU clusters and high-bandwidth interconnects in datacenters. An appealing alternative is to leverage collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chris Tong , Youhe Jiang , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Sibian Lu , Wenjie Qu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Binhang Yuan

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

The rise of LLMs has driven demand for private serverless deployments, characterized by moderate-sized models and infrequent requests. While existing serverless solutions follow exclusive GPU allocation, we take a step back to explore…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chuhao Xu , Zijun Li , Quan Chen , Han Zhao , Xueyan Tang , Minyi Guo

The current over-provisioned heterogeneous multi-cores require effective run-time optimization strategies, and the run-time power monitoring subsystem is paramount for their success. Several state-of-the-art methodologies address the design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Andrea Galimberti , Michele Piccoli , Davide Zoni

Large-scale machine learning workloads increasingly rely on multi-GPU systems, yet their performance is often limited by an overlooked component: the CPU. Through a detailed study of modern large language model (LLM) inference and serving…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Euijun Chung , Yuxiao Jia , Aaron Jezghani , Hyesoon Kim

Large language model (LLM) serving is now limited by the key-value (KV) cache. During decode, each new token rereads prior KV state, so attention becomes a bandwidth- and capacity-heavy memory task. HBM-PIM helps by moving attention closer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhuoran Li , Zhuohang Bian , Zihao Huang , Guangyu Sun , Yun Liang , Youwei Zhuo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on various vision-language tasks, yet their visual perception remains limited. Humans, in comparison, perceive complex scenes efficiently by dynamically scanning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuchen Feng , Zhenyu Zhang , Naibin Gu , Yilong Chen , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

Inference serving for large language models (LLMs) is the key to unleashing their potential in people's daily lives. However, efficient LLM serving remains challenging today because the requests are inherently heterogeneous and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Biao Sun , Ziming Huang , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Xinyi Zhang , Yong Li , Wei Lin

This review report discusses the cold start latency in serverless inference and existing solutions. It particularly reviews the ServerlessLLM method, a system designed to address the cold start problem in serverless inference for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Himel Ghosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

Large language models represent a groundbreaking shift in generative AI. Yet, these advances come with a significant challenge: the high cost of model serving. To mitigate these costs, consumer-grade GPUs emerge as a more affordable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lewei Jin , Yongqi Chen , Kui Zhang , Yifan Zhuo , Yi Gao , Bowei Yang , Zhengong Cai , Wei Dong

We introduce Blink, a new benchmark for multimodal language models (LLMs) that focuses on core visual perception abilities not found in other evaluations. Most of the Blink tasks can be solved by humans "within a blink" (e.g., relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xingyu Fu , Yushi Hu , Bangzheng Li , Yu Feng , Haoyu Wang , Xudong Lin , Dan Roth , Noah A. Smith , Wei-Chiu Ma , Ranjay Krishna

Large language model (LLM)-based inference workloads increasingly dominate data center costs and resource utilization. Therefore, understanding the inference workload characteristics on evolving CPU-GPU coupled architectures is crucial for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Thomas Labonte , Sourav Chakraborty , Matt Turner , Samantika Sury , John Paul Shen

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is widely used in interactive assistants and agentic systems. In latency-sensitive deployments, inference time can become dominated by host-side overheads. Existing approaches typically expose this cost…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Shreesh Tripathi , Vignesh Natarajan , Surya Santhan Thenarasu , Shawn Blanton , John P. Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

High-throughput inference serving is essential for applications built on large language models (LLMs). Existing serving frameworks reduce request-level and batch-level bubbles through batching and scheduling, but often overlook bubbles…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Fengyao Bai , Hongbin Zhang , Zhitao Chen , Jiangsu Du , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas
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