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Language Models are increasingly applied in software engineering, yet their inference raises growing environmental concerns. Prior work has examined hardware choices and prompt length, but little attention has been paid to linguistic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Vincenzo De Martino , Mohammad Amin Zadenoori , Xavier Franch , Alessio Ferrari

Prompt design plays a critical role in the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), yet the impact of prompt specificity - how detailed or vague a prompt is - remains understudied. This paper introduces DETAIL, a framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Olivia Kim

As generative AI systems rapidly improve, a key question emerges: how do users adapt to these changes, and when does such adaptation matter for realizing performance gains? Drawing on theories of dynamic capabilities and IT complements, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Eaman Jahani , Benjamin S. Manning , Joe Zhang , Hong-Yi TuYe , Mohammed Alsobay , Christos Nicolaides , Siddharth Suri , David Holtz

Analyses of biomedical studies often necessitate modeling longitudinal causal effects. The current focus on personalized medicine and effect heterogeneity makes this task even more challenging. Towards this end, structural nested mean…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-25 Linbo Wang , Xiang Meng , Thomas S. Richardson , James M. Robins

In the age of large-scale language models, benchmarks like the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) have been pivotal in pushing the boundaries of what AI can achieve in language comprehension and reasoning across diverse…

Large language models (LLMs) have gained popularity in recent years for their utility in various applications. However, they are sensitive to non-semantic changes in prompt formats, where small changes in the prompt format can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Lilian Ngweta , Kiran Kate , Jason Tsay , Yara Rizk

Existing evaluation methods largely rely on clean, static benchmarks, which can overestimate true model performance by failing to capture the noise and variability inherent in real-world user inputs. This is especially true for language…

Large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable for automated code generation, yet the quality and security of their outputs remain a critical concern. Existing studies predominantly concentrate on adversarial attacks or inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bin Wang , YiLu Zhong , MiDi Wan , WenJie Yu , YuanBing Ouyang , Yenan Huang , Hui Li

A growing variety of prompt engineering techniques has been proposed for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet systematic evaluation of each technique on individual software engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. In this study, we…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in mathematical reasoning. However, despite these achievements, current evaluations are mostly limited to specific mathematical topics, and it remains unclear whether LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Arash Gholami Davoodi , Seyed Pouyan Mousavi Davoudi , Pouya Pezeshkpour

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent work has unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Qiang Wang , Dawei Feng , Xu Zhang , Ao Shen , Yang Xu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) still exhibit large performance gaps between English and other languages, yet much current work assumes these gaps can be closed simply by making reasoning in every language resemble English reasoning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dayeon Ki , Kevin Duh , Marine Carpuat

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex workflows, yet their ability to maintain flow of instructions remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks conflate task complexity with structural ordering, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrew Jaffe , Noah Reicin , Jinho D. Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including solving math word problems (MWPs), but struggle with real-world problems containing irrelevant information. To address this, we propose a prompting framework that generates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Shreyas Verma , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra

When the substantive content of a request is rewritten, do large language models still answer in the format the original task asked for? We find that they often do not, even at temperature zero. On a 150-query evaluation over five compact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aofan Liu , Jingxiang Meng

Prompt engineering for large language models is challenging, as even small prompt perturbations or model changes can significantly impact the generated output texts. Existing evaluation methods of LLM outputs, either automated metrics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Michael A. Hedderich , Anyi Wang , Raoyuan Zhao , Florian Eichin , Jonas Fischer , Barbara Plank

The thematic fit estimation task measures semantic arguments' compatibility with a given semantic role for a given predicate. We investigate if autoregressive LLMs have consistent, expressible knowledge of event arguments' thematic fit by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Safeyah Khaled Alshemali , Daniel Bauer , Yuval Marton

Although LLMs are increasing the productivity of professional programmers, existing work shows that beginners struggle to prompt LLMs to solve text-to-code tasks. Why is this the case? This paper explores two competing hypotheses about the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Francesca Lucchetti , Zixuan Wu , Arjun Guha , Molly Q Feldman , Carolyn Jane Anderson

Advancements in dialogue systems powered by large language models (LLMs) have outpaced the development of reliable evaluation metrics, particularly for diverse and creative responses. We present a benchmark for evaluating the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Justin Vasselli , Adam Nohejl , Taro Watanabe

Disorder and long-range interactions are two of the key components that make material failure an interesting playfield for the application of statistical mechanics. The cornerstone in this respect has been lattice models of the fracture in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mikko J. Alava , Phani K. V. V. Nukala , Stefano Zapperi