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Automatic evaluators such as reward models play a central role in the alignment and evaluation of large vision-language models (LVLMs). Despite their growing importance, these evaluators are almost exclusively assessed on English-centric…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, yet it is susceptible to reward overoptimization, in which policy models overfit to the reward model,…

This paper highlights the importance of personalization in large language models and introduces the LaMP benchmark -- a novel benchmark for training and evaluating language models for producing personalized outputs. LaMP offers a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Alireza Salemi , Sheshera Mysore , Michael Bendersky , Hamed Zamani

Recent research has increasingly focused on evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment with diverse human values and preferences, particularly for open-ended tasks like story generation. Traditional evaluation metrics rely heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Danqing Wang , Kevin Yang , Hanlin Zhu , Xiaomeng Yang , Andrew Cohen , Lei Li , Yuandong Tian

Although humans inherently have diverse values, current large language model (LLM) alignment methods often assume that aligning LLMs with the general public's preferences is optimal. A major challenge in adopting a more individualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Seongyun Lee , Sue Hyun Park , Seungone Kim , Minjoon Seo

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yidong Wang , Xin Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Junfeng Fang , Qiufeng Wang , Jianing Chu , Xuran Meng , Shuxun Yang , Libo Qin , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making scenarios that involve risk assessment, yet their alignment with human economic rationality remains unclear. In this study, we investigate whether LLMs exhibit risk…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-16 Jiaxin Liu , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

Current preference learning methods achieve high accuracy on standard benchmarks but exhibit significant performance degradation when objective quality signals are removed. We introduce WritingPreferenceBench, a dataset of 1,800…

While black-box large language models are widely deployed, they produce generic outputs that overlook individual user preferences. Current personalization methods are fundamentally limited to response-level personalization; they only match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jieyong Kim , Tongyoung Kim , Soojin Yoon , Jaehyung Kim , Dongha Lee

Accurately aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for informing fair, economically sound, and statistically efficient decision-making processes. However, we argue that the predominant approach for aligning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Jiancong Xiao , Ziniu Li , Xingyu Xie , Emily Getzen , Cong Fang , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

Iterative data generation and model retraining are widely used to align large language models (LLMs). It typically involves a policy model to generate on-policy responses and a reward model to guide training data selection. Direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yao Xiao , Hai Ye , Linyao Chen , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Evaluating instruction-guided image edits requires rewards that reflect subtle human preferences, yet current reward models typically depend on large-scale preference annotation and additional model training. This creates a data-efficiency…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse and multifaceted user preferences is a fundamental challenge in personalized AI systems. Existing multi-objective alignment methods either rely on costly training or require pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Van-Anh Nguyen , Junae Kim , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

In reinforcement learning (RL), agents continually interact with the environment and use the feedback to refine their behavior. To guide policy optimization, reward models are introduced as proxies of the desired objectives, such that when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rui Yu , Shenghua Wan , Yucen Wang , Chen-Xiao Gao , Le Gan , Zongzhang Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan

Reward Models (RMs) are critical components in the Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) pipeline, directly determining the alignment quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, Generative Reward Models (GRMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kai Qin , Liangxin Liu , Yu Liang , Longzheng Wang , Yan Wang , Yueyang Zhang , Long Xia , Zhiyuan Sun , Houde Liu , Daiting Shi

The demand for regulating potentially risky behaviors of large language models (LLMs) has ignited research on alignment methods. Since LLM alignment heavily relies on reward models for optimization or evaluation, neglecting the quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yan Liu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiaokang Chen , Jing Yao , Jingwei Yi , Daoguang Zan , Zheng Liu , Xing Xie , Tsung-Yi Ho

Reward design is a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning (RL). A misspecified or poorly designed reward can result in low sample efficiency and undesired behaviors. In this paper, we propose the idea of programmatic reward design,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

The ability to follow instructions is crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle various real-world applications. Existing benchmarks primarily focus on evaluating pure response quality, rather than assessing whether the response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Wanjun Zhong , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Wei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) alignment ensures model behaviors reflect human value. Existing alignment strategies primarily follow two paths: one assumes a universal value set for a unified goal (i.e., one-size-fits-all), while the other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiayu Lin , Zhongyu Wei

The emergence of powerful LLMs has led to a paradigm shift in Natural Language Understanding and Natural Language Generation. The properties that make LLMs so valuable for these tasks -- creativity, ability to produce fluent speech, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kelsey Kraus , Margaret Kroll
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