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We propose a MultiScale AutoEncoder(MSAE) based extreme image compression framework to offer visually pleasing reconstruction at a very low bitrate. Our method leverages the "priors" at different resolution scale to improve the compression…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-06 Chao Huang , Haojie Liu , Tong Chen , Qiu Shen , Zhan Ma

Diffusion models have become the dominant paradigm for image generation and editing, with latent diffusion models shifting denoising to a compact latent space for efficiency and scalability. Recent attempts to leverage pretrained visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yue Gong , Hongyu Li , Shanyuan Liu , Bo Cheng , Yuhang Ma , Liebucha Wu , Xiaoyu Wu , Manyuan Zhang , Dawei Leng , Yuhui Yin , Lijun Zhang

Unifying multimodal understanding, generation and reconstruction representation in a single tokenizer remains a key challenge in building unified models. Previous research predominantly attempts to address this in a dual encoder paradigm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sinan Du , Jiahao Guo , Bo Li , Shuhao Cui , Zhengzhuo Xu , Yifu Luo , Yongxian Wei , Kun Gai , Xinggang Wang , Kai Wu , Chun Yuan

In the last few years there have been important advancements in generative models with the two dominant approaches being Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). However, standard Autoencoders (AEs) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Massimiliano Patacchiola , Patrick Fox-Roberts , Edward Rosten

Optimal computations under uncertainty require an adequate probabilistic representation about beliefs. Deep generative models, and specifically Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), have the potential to meet this demand by building latent…

Autoencoders empower state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space through visual tokenization. Although recent advances have alleviated the performance degradation of autoencoders under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Dongxu Liu , Jiahui Zhu , Yuang Peng , Haomiao Tang , Yuwei Chen , Chunrui Han , Zheng Ge , Daxin Jiang , Mingxue Liao

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as state-of-the-art models for various vision tasks recently. However, their heavy computation costs remain daunting for resource-limited devices. To address this, researchers have dedicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ao Wang , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

VQ-VAE, as a mainstream approach of speech tokenizer, has been troubled by ``index collapse'', where only a small number of codewords are activated in large codebooks. This work proposes product-quantized (PQ) VAE with more codebooks but…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Dongchao Yang , Hui Lu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

The quality of the latent space in visual tokenizers (e.g., VAEs) is crucial for modern generative models. However, the standard reconstruction-based training paradigm produces a latent space that is biased towards low-level information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jingfeng Yao , Yuda Song , Yucong Zhou , Xinggang Wang

This paper presents a family of advanced vision encoder, named OpenVision 3, that learns a single, unified visual representation that can serve both image understanding and image generation. Our core architecture is simple: we feed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Letian Zhang , Sucheng Ren , Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Huaxiu Yao , Zeyu Zheng , Weili Nie , Guilin Liu , Zhiding Yu , Cihang Xie

Latent generative modeling, where a pretrained autoencoder maps pixels into a latent space for the diffusion process, has become the standard strategy for Diffusion Transformers (DiT); however, the autoencoder component has barely evolved.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Boyang Zheng , Nanye Ma , Shengbang Tong , Saining Xie

As deep Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) frameworks become more widely used for modeling biomolecular simulation data, we emphasize the capability of the VAE architecture to concurrently maximize the timescale of the latent space while…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Hannah K. Wayment-Steele , Vijay S. Pande

Autoregressive transformers have revolutionized high-fidelity image generation. One crucial ingredient lies in the tokenizer, which compresses high-resolution image patches into manageable discrete tokens with a scanning or hierarchical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Jinzhi Zhang , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu

We present fast, realistic image generation on high-resolution, multimodal datasets using hierarchical variational autoencoders (VAEs) trained on a deterministic autoencoder's latent space. In this two-stage setup, the autoencoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Troy Luhman , Eric Luhman

Existing vector quantization (VQ) based autoregressive models follow a two-stage generation paradigm that first learns a codebook to encode images as discrete codes, and then completes generation based on the learned codebook. However, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mengqi Huang , Zhendong Mao , Zhuowei Chen , Yongdong Zhang

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are a powerful class of deep generative latent variable model for unsupervised representation learning on high-dimensional data. To ensure computational tractability, VAEs are often implemented with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Alex Campbell , Pietro Liò

Recent proposals for quantum generative adversarial networks (GANs) suffer from the issue of mode collapse, analogous to classical GANs, wherein the distribution learnt by the GAN fails to capture the high mode complexities of the target…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Aaron Mark Thomas , Harry Youel , Sharu Theresa Jose

Existing video tokenizers typically use the traditional Variational Autoencoder (VAE) architecture for video compression and reconstruction. However, to achieve good performance, its training process often relies on complex multi-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Nianzu Yang , Pandeng Li , Liming Zhao , Yang Li , Chen-Wei Xie , Yehui Tang , Xudong Lu , Zhihang Liu , Yun Zheng , Yu Liu , Junchi Yan

Recent advances in latent diffusion models have demonstrated their effectiveness for high-resolution image synthesis. However, the properties of the latent space from tokenizer for better learning and generation of diffusion models remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hao Chen , Yujin Han , Fangyi Chen , Xiang Li , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Ze Wang , Zicheng Liu , Difan Zou , Bhiksha Raj

Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a powerful method for learning representations of high-dimensional data. However, VAEs can suffer from an issue known as latent variable collapse (or KL loss vanishing), where the posterior collapses to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Ruizhe Li , Xiao Li , Chenghua Lin , Matthew Collinson , Rui Mao