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In this chapter, we discuss recent work on precision Earth laboratory tests of different aspects of gravity. In particular the discussion is focused on those tests that can be used to probe hypothesis for physics beyond Newtonian gravity…
General relativity (GR) predicts concordant trajectories for photons and gravitational waves (GW). We propose a new multi-messenger avenue (GW-CMB-CMB) to prove this aspect of fundamental physics by cross-correlating the GW signal of…
Recently, strong evidence was found for the presence of higher-order modes in the gravitational wave signals GW190412 and GW190814, which originated from compact binary coalescences with significantly asymmetric component masses. This has…
We review the tests of general relativity that will become possible with space-based gravitational-wave detectors operating in the ~0.01mHz - 1Hz low-frequency band. The fundamental aspects of gravitation that can be tested include the…
Second generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, are expected to begin operation by 2015. Such instruments plan to reach sensitivities that will offer the unique possibility to test…
We study the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in the framework of the degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theory to test gravity theories. This theoretical framework includes the wide class of dark energy models such as the…
In spite of all the attempts conducted to improve the accuracy of the gravity wave detectors in recent years, no method has been successful to measure these waves up to now. Most of these detectors and laser interferometers work based on…
Some results are presented of the Earth's microseismic background. It is assumed that background peaks should correspond to the resonance gravity-wave exchange in the system of two gravity-connected bodies. The microseismic spectrum is…
We explore and compare the capabilities of the recent observations of standard cosmological probes and the future observations of gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens on constraining cosmological parameters. It is carried out in the…
One of the major difficulties of modern science underlies at the unification of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Different approaches towards such theory have been proposed. Noncommutative theories serve as the root of almost all…
Gravitational wave observations of compact binary mergers are already providing stringent tests of general relativity and constraints on modified gravity. Ground-based interferometric detectors will soon reach design sensitivity and they…
We apply common gravitational wave inference procedures on binary black hole merger waveforms beyond general relativity. We consider dynamical Chern-Simons gravity, a modified theory of gravity with origins in string theory and loop quantum…
Standard cosmological models rely on an approximate treatment of gravity, utilizing solutions of the linearized Einstein equations as well as physical approximations. In an era of precision cosmology, we should ask: are these approximate…
We review observational tests for the homogeneity of the Universe on large scales. Redshift and peculiar velocity surveys, radio sources, the X-Ray Background, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and the Cosmic Microwave Background are used to set…
The universality of free fall, a cornerstone of Einstein's theory of gravity, has so far only been tested with neutral composite states of first-generation Standard Model (SM) particles, such as atoms or neutrons, and, most recently,…
To quantify the effect of decoherence in quantum measurements, it is desirable to measure not merely the square modulus of the spatial wavefunction, but the entire density matrix, whose phases carry information about momentum and how pure…
We propose a testable alternative to inflation directly built in a very general class of ultraviolet complete theories of quantum gravity enjoying Weyl invariance. After the latter is spontaneously broken, logarithmic quantum corrections to…
We present a new approach to gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations at second order, which is also covariant. We examine two cases in particular for a dust Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model of any curvature: we investigate…
Gravitational waves provide a novel and powerful way to test astrophysical models of compact objects, early universe processes, beyond the Standard Model particle physics, dark matter candidates, Einstein's theory of General Relativity and…
Atmospheric gravity waves occur in the Earths atmosphere caused by an interplay between gravity and buoyancy forces. These waves have profound impacts on various aspects of the atmosphere, including the patterns of precipitation, cloud…