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Scattering amplitudes in $d+2$ dimensions can be expressed in terms of a conformal basis, for which the S-matrix behaves as a CFT correlation function on the celestial $d$-sphere. We explain how compact expressions for the full tree-level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Tim Adamo , Lionel Mason , Atul Sharma

Motivated from the study of eccentricity, center, and sum of eccentricities in graphs and trees, we introduce several new distance-based global and local functions based on the smallest distance from a vertex to some leaf (called the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Ya-Hong Chen , Hua Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Perturbative scattering amplitudes in gauge theories have remarkable simplicity and hidden infinite dimensional symmetries that are completely obscured in the conventional formulation of field theory using Feynman diagrams. This suggests…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Jaroslav Trnka

Recent progress in unitarity techniques for one-loop scattering amplitudes makes a numerical implementation of this method possible. We present a 4-dimensional unitarity method for calculating the cut-constructible part of amplitudes and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-17 R. K. Ellis , W. T. Giele , Z. Kunszt

We argue that the hidden sector potential energy is generically of order the intermediate scale although the true cosmological constant does vanish. This would significantly change the predicted values of soft parameters for a variety of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Kiwoon Choi , Jihn E. Kim , Gye T. Park

A surprising connection has recently been made between the amplitudes for Tr($\Phi^3$) theory and the non-linear sigma model (NLSM). A simple shift of kinematic variables naturally suggested by the associahedron/stringy representation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-11 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Carolina Figueiredo

In planar N=4 SYM we study a particular class of helicity preserving amplitudes. These are scalar amplitudes whose flavor configuration is chosen in such a way that only a limited number of diagrams is allowed, which exhibit an iterative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Marco S. Bianchi , Matias Leoni , Silvia Penati

We identify the local limit of massive spanning forests on the complete graph. This generalizes a well-known theorem of Grimmett on the local limit of uniform spanning trees on the complete graph.

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Matteo D'Achille , Nathanaël Enriquez , Paul Melotti

In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Chang Hu

Hamada and Shiu have recently shown that tree level amplitudes in QED satisfy an infinite hierarchy of soft photon theorems, the first two of which are Weinberg and Low's theorems respectively. In this paper we propose that in tree level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-26 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

There is an increasing interest in nonlinear supersymmetries in cosmological model building. Independently, elegant expressions for the all-tree amplitudes in models with nonlinear symmetries, like D3 brane Dirac-Born-Infeld-Volkov-Akulov…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Renata Kallosh

We study scattering equations and formulas for tree amplitudes of various theories in four dimensions, in terms of spinor helicity variables and on-shell superspace for supersymmetric theories. As originally obtained in Witten's twistor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-15 Song He , Zhengwen Liu , Jun-Bao Wu

At tree-level, scattering amplitudes involving only gluons or gravitons are unaffected by supersymmetry, allowing them to be efficiently encoded by and extracted from those of maximally supersymmetric (N=4,8) theories. This fails beyond…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 Jacob L. Bourjaily

A self-consistent exposition of the theory of tree-level superamplitudes of the 4d N=4 and 6d N=(1,1) maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories is provided. In 4d we work in non-chiral superspace and construct the superconformal and dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Jan Plefka , Theodor Schuster , Valentin Verschinin

The complete set of Eigenstates and Eigenvalues of the nearest neighbour tight binding model on a Cayley tree with branching number $b=2$ and $M$ branching generations with open boundary conditions is derived. We find that of the $N= 1 +3…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Deepak Aryal , Stefan Kettemann

Attached to both Yang-Mills and General Relativity about Minkowski spacetime are distinguished gauge independent objects known as the on-shell tree scattering amplitudes. We reinterpret and rigorously construct them as $L_\infty$ minimal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Andrea Nützi , Michael Reiterer

Soft theorems for the form factors of 1/2-BPS and Konishi operator supermultiplets are derived at tree level in N=4 SYM theory. They have a form identical to the one in the amplitude case. For MHV sectors of stress tensor and Konishi…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 L. V. Bork , A. I. Onishchenko

Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) can explain the origin of neutrino masses and oscillations over a wide range of masses. Direct experimental probes of HNLs become unfeasible for masses significantly above the electroweak scale.Consequently, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-15 Kevin A. Urquía-Calderón , Inar Timiryasov , Oleg Ruchayskiy

Over some types of trees with a given number of vertices, which trees minimize or maximize the total number of subtrees or leaf containing subtrees are studied. Here are some of the main results:\ (1)\, Sharp upper bound on the total number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-15 Shuchao Li , Shujing Wang

In this paper, we investigate tree-level scattering amplitude relations in $U(N)$ non-linear sigma model. We use Cayley parametrization. As was shown in the recent works [23,24] both on-shell amplitudes and off-shell currents with odd…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Gang Chen , Yi-Jian Du