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We investigate a surprising limitation of LLMs: their inability to consistently generate text in a user's desired language. We create the Language Confusion Benchmark (LCB) to evaluate such failures, covering 15 typologically diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Kelly Marchisio , Wei-Yin Ko , Alexandre Bérard , Théo Dehaze , Sebastian Ruder

As safety remains a crucial concern throughout the development lifecycle of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers and industrial practitioners have increasingly focused on safeguarding and aligning LLM behaviors with human preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jiayang Song , Yuheng Huang , Zhehua Zhou , Lei Ma

The proliferation of misinformation necessitates scalable, automated fact-checking solutions. Yet, current benchmarks often overlook multilingual and topical diversity. This paper introduces a novel, dynamically extensible data set that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lorraine Saju , Arnim Bleier , Jana Lasser , Claudia Wagner

Large language models (LLMs) have brought breakthroughs in tasks including translation, summarization, information retrieval, and language generation, gaining growing interest in the CHI community. Meanwhile, the literature shows…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lu Wang , Max Song , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Bum Chul Kwon , Jina Huh-Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) can lead to undesired consequences when misaligned with human values, especially in scenarios involving complex and sensitive social biases. Previous studies have revealed the misalignment of LLMs with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yang Liu , Chenhui Chu

This paper systematically examines nation-level biases exhibited by Large Language Models (LLMs) within the domain of International Relations (IR). Leveraging historical records from the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), we developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jonghyeon Choi , Yeonjun Choi , Hyun-chul Kim , Beakcheol Jang

This survey provides an in-depth analysis of knowledge conflicts for large language models (LLMs), highlighting the complex challenges they encounter when blending contextual and parametric knowledge. Our focus is on three categories of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rongwu Xu , Zehan Qi , Zhijiang Guo , Cunxiang Wang , Hongru Wang , Yue Zhang , Wei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in knowledge-intensive tasks, while they remain vulnerable when encountering misinformation. Existing studies have explored the role of LLMs in combating misinformation, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Miao Peng , Nuo Chen , Jianheng Tang , Jia Li

Assessments of algorithmic bias in large language models (LLMs) are generally catered to uncovering systemic discrimination based on protected characteristics such as sex and ethnicity. However, there are over 180 documented cognitive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Alaina N. Talboy , Elizabeth Fuller

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into search services, providing direct answers that can reduce users' reliance on traditional result pages. Yet their factual reliability in non-English web ecosystems remains poorly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Geng Liu , Junjie Mu , Li Feng , Mengxiao Zhu , Francesco Pierri

In day-to-day communication, people often approximate the truth - for example, rounding the time or omitting details - in order to be maximally helpful to the listener. How do large language models (LLMs) handle such nuanced trade-offs? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ryan Liu , Theodore R. Sumers , Ishita Dasgupta , Thomas L. Griffiths

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have incentivized the development of LLM-as-a-judge, an application of LLMs where they are used as judges to decide the quality of a certain piece of text given a certain context. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaolin Zhou , Zheng Luo , Yicheng Gao , Qixuan Chen , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao , Ruishan Liu

Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs) process spoken input directly, retaining cues such as accent and perceived gender that were previously removed in cascaded pipelines. This introduces speaker identity dependent variation in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Christoph Minixhofer , Maria Teleki , James Caverlee , Ondřej Klejch , Peter Bell , Gustav Eje Henter , Éva Székely

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) possessing increasingly impressive capabilities, a number of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have been proposed to augment LLMs with visual inputs. Such models condition generated text on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Phillip Howard , Anahita Bhiwandiwalla , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

The pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation in social media underscores the critical importance of detecting media bias. While robust Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational tools for bias prediction,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Luyang Lin , Lingzhi Wang , Jinsong Guo , Kam-Fai Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

In recent years, various methods have been proposed to evaluate gender bias in large language models (LLMs). A key challenge lies in the transferability of bias measurement methods initially developed for the English language when applied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Kristin Gnadt , David Thulke , Simone Kopeinik , Ralf Schlüter

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu
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