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Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Although the multilingual capability of LLMs offers new opportunities to overcome the language barrier, do these capabilities translate into real-life scenarios where linguistic divide and knowledge conflicts between multilingual sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Nikhil Sharma , Kenton Murray , Ziang Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) inherit biases from their training data and alignment processes, influencing their responses in subtle ways. While many studies have examined these biases, little work has explored their robustness during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Virgile Rennard , Christos Xypolopoulos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

The conformity bias exhibited by large language models (LLMs) can pose a significant challenge to decision-making in LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS). While many prior studies have treated "conformity" simply as a matter of opinion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mikako Bito , Keita Nishimoto , Kimitaka Asatani , Ichiro Sakata

Having been trained on massive pretraining data, large language models have shown excellent performance on many knowledge-intensive tasks. However, pretraining data tends to contain misleading and even conflicting information, and it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiahuan Li , Yiqing Cao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode vast world knowledge across multiple languages, yet their internal beliefs are often unevenly distributed across linguistic spaces. When external evidence contradicts these language-dependent memories,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiaqi Zhao , Qiang Huang , Haodong Chen , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, understanding their behavior in both factual and disputable scenarios is essential, especially when their outputs may shape public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Sean Kim , Hyuhng Joon Kim

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

This study explores how recent large language models (LLMs) navigate relative clause attachment {ambiguity} and use world knowledge biases for disambiguation in six typologically diverse languages: English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 So Young Lee , Russell Scheinberg , Amber Shore , Ameeta Agrawal

Do large language models (LLMs) display rational reasoning? LLMs have been shown to contain human biases due to the data they have been trained on; whether this is reflected in rational reasoning remains less clear. In this paper, we answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional natural language understanding abilities and have excelled in a variety of natural language processing (NLP)tasks in recent years. Despite the fact that most LLMs are trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Bradley Hauer , Ning Shi , Grzegorz Kondrak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating human-like text, transforming human-machine interactions. However, their widespread adoption has raised concerns about their potential to influence public opinion…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Andre G. C. Pacheco , Athus Cavalini , Giovanni Comarela

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual contexts, yet their consistency across languages on politically sensitive topics remains understudied. This paper presents a systematic bilingual benchmark study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ju-Chun Ko

This study systematically analyzes geopolitical bias across 11 prominent Large Language Models (LLMs) by examining their responses to seven critical topics in U.S.-China relations. Utilizing a bilingual (English and Chinese) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 William Guey , Pierrick Bougault , Vitor D. de Moura , Wei Zhang , Jose O. Gomes

Large Language Models have garnered significant attention for their capabilities in multilingual natural language processing, while studies on risks associated with cross biases are limited to immediate context preferences. Cross-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Qianying Liu , Katrina Qiyao Wang , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in tasks such as psychological text analysis and decision-making in automated workflows. However, their reliability remains a concern due to potential biases inherited from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yi-Long Lu , Chunhui Zhang , Wei Wang

This study introduces an innovative multilingual bias evaluation framework for assessing bias in Large Language Models, combining explicit bias assessment through the BBQ benchmark with implicit bias measurement using a prompt-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxuan Liang , Marwa Mahmoud

Based on the foundation of Large Language Models (LLMs), Multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) have been developed to address the challenges faced in multilingual natural language processing, hoping to achieve knowledge transfer from high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yuemei Xu , Ling Hu , Jiayi Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Kexin XU , Yuqi Ye , Hanwen Gu

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various applications, assessing the influence of gender biases embedded in LLMs becomes crucial. The topic of gender bias within the realm of natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinman Zhao , Yitian Ding , Chen Jia , Yining Wang , Zifan Qian
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