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Despite the significant improvements achieved by large language models (LLMs) in English reasoning tasks, these models continue to struggle with multilingual reasoning. Recent studies leverage a full-parameter and two-stage training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yuchun Fan , Yongyu Mu , Yilin Wang , Lei Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Shujian Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Jingbo Zhu

Tasks requiring deductive reasoning, especially those involving multiple steps, often demand adaptive strategies such as intermediate generation of rationales or programs, as no single approach is universally optimal. While Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Rongxing Liu , Kumar Shridhar , Manish Prajapat , Patrick Xia , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large reasoning models, such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, tend to become increasingly verbose as their reasoning capabilities improve. These inflated Chain-of-Thought (CoT) trajectories often exceed what the underlying problems require,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Songtao Wei , Yi Li , Zhikai Li , Xu Hu , Yuede Ji , Guanpeng Li , Feng Chen , Carl Yang , Zhichun Guo , Bingzhe Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse settings, but still struggle as the length and complexity of the context increases. To address this challenge, we propose Thinking Recursively and Dynamically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Philip Schroeder , Nathaniel Morgan , Hongyin Luo , James Glass

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm has emerged as a critical approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, despite their widespread adoption and success, CoT methods often exhibit instability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ming Fan , Yubo Zhang , Zhixing Wang , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

In the realm of human-AI dialogue, the facilitation of empathetic responses is important. Validation is one of the key communication techniques in psychology, which entails recognizing, understanding, and acknowledging others' emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zi Haur Pang , Yahui Fu , Divesh Lala , Keiko Ochi , Koji Inoue , Tatsuya Kawahara

Empathetic speech dialogue requires not only understanding linguistic content but also perceiving rich paralinguistic information such as prosody, tone, and emotional intensity for affective understandings. Existing speech-to-speech large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Zhuoyue Gao , Xiaohui Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Wen Zhang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

This report presents the Empathetic Cascading Networks (ECN) framework, a multi-stage prompting method designed to enhance the empathetic and inclusive capabilities of large language models. ECN employs four stages: Perspective Adoption,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Wangjiaxuan Xin

The capacity of empathy is crucial to the success of open-domain dialog systems. Due to its nature of multi-dimensionality, there are various factors that relate to empathy expression, such as communication mechanism, dialog act and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Chujie Zheng , Yong Liu , Wei Chen , Yongcai Leng , Minlie Huang

Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning. While process-level reward models offer a promising direction, existing LLM-based judges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Jiang , Francis Ferraro

Empathy is critical to successful mental health support. Empathy measurement has predominantly occurred in synchronous, face-to-face settings, and may not translate to asynchronous, text-based contexts. Because millions of people use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ashish Sharma , Adam S. Miner , David C. Atkins , Tim Althoff

Social intelligence, the ability to interpret emotions, intentions, and behaviors, is essential for effective communication and adaptive responses. As robots and AI systems become more prevalent in caregiving, healthcare, and education, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Erika Mori , Yue Qiu , Hirokatsu Kataoka , Yoshimitsu Aoki

Large language models have improved dialogue systems, but often process conversational turns in isolation, overlooking the event structures that guide natural interactions. Hence we introduce EventWeave, a framework that explicitly models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yiming Du , Bin Liang , Baojun Wang , Zhongyang Li , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong

We study a symmetric collaborative dialogue setting in which two agents, each with private knowledge, must strategically communicate to achieve a common goal. The open-ended dialogue state in this setting poses new challenges for existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-25 He He , Anusha Balakrishnan , Mihail Eric , Percy Liang

Large language models (LLMs) can generate syntactically valid optimization programs, yet often struggle to reliably choose an effective modeling strategy, leading to incorrect formulations and inefficient solver behavior. We propose SAGE, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiqing Zhao , Fengzhi Li , Yuan Zuo , Rui Liu , Yansong Liu , Yunfei Ma , Fanyu Meng , Junlan Feng

Adapting to the addressee is crucial for successful explanations, yet poses significant challenges for dialogsystems. We adopt the approach of treating explanation generation as a non-stationary decision process, where the optimal strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Amelie S. Robrecht , Christoph R. Kowalski , Stefan Kopp

Previous research on empathetic dialogue systems has mostly focused on generating responses given certain emotions. However, being empathetic not only requires the ability of generating emotional responses, but more importantly, requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Jamin Shin , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

We present EDGE, a general-purpose, misconception-aware adaptive learning framework composed of four stages: Evaluate (ability and state estimation), Diagnose (posterior infer-ence of misconceptions), Generate (counterfactual item…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ananda Prakash Verma

In empathetic conversations, individuals express their empathy towards others. Previous work has mainly focused on generating empathetic responses by utilizing the speaker's emotion. Besides, external commonsense knowledge has been applied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Hua Cai , Xuli Shen , Qing Xu , Weilin Shen , Xiaomei Wang , Weifeng Ge , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xiangyang Xue

In this paper, a novel Generation-Evaluation framework is developed for multi-turn conversations with the objective of letting both participants know more about each other. For the sake of rational knowledge utilization and coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Siqi Bao , Huang He , Fan Wang , Rongzhong Lian , Hua Wu
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