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Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inconsistent responses when prompted with semantically equivalent paraphrased inputs. Recently, activation steering, a technique that modulates LLMs' behaviours by adjusting their latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jingyuan Yang , Rongjun Li , Weixuan Wang , Ziyu Zhou , Zhiyong Feng , Wei Peng

The visual representation of a pre-trained model prioritizes the classifiability on downstream tasks, while the widespread applications for pre-trained visual models have posed new requirements for representation interpretability. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Shufan Shen , Zhaobo Qi , Junshu Sun , Qingming Huang , Qi Tian , Shuhui Wang

Many benchmarks show that large language models can answer direct questions about culture. We study a different question: do they also change how they speak when culture is only implied by the situation? We evaluate 60 culturally grounded…

Supervised Semantic Differential (SSD) is a mixed quantitative-interpretive method that models how text meaning varies with continuous individual-difference variables by estimating a semantic gradient in an embedding space and interpreting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hubert Plisiecki , Maria Leniarska , Jan Piotrowski , Marcin Zajenkowski

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance is highly sensitive to the prompts utilized. This variability poses challenges for accurate assessment and user satisfaction.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jingming Zhuo , Songyang Zhang , Xinyu Fang , Haodong Duan , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Large language models (LLMs) often achieve impressive predictive accuracy, yet correctness alone does not imply genuine understanding. True LLM understanding, analogous to human expertise, requires making consistent, well-founded decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sichao Li , Xinyue Xu , Xiaomeng Li

Prompt highlighting steers a large language model to prioritize user-specified text spans during generation. A key challenge is extracting steering directions that capture the difference between relevant and irrelevant contexts, rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuyao Ge , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Tianyu Liu , Baolong Bi , Lingrui Mei , Jiayu Yao , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

This paper tests whether large language models (LLMs) can support interpretative citation context analysis (CCA) by scaling in thick, text-grounded readings of a single hard case rather than scaling up typological labels. It foregrounds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Arno Simons

In-context learning (ICL) has become one of the most popular learning paradigms. While there is a growing body of literature focusing on prompt engineering, there is a lack of systematic analysis comparing the effects of prompts across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Sheng Lu , Hendrik Schuff , Iryna Gurevych

Prevailing methods for training Large Language Models (LLMs) as text encoders rely on contrastive losses that treat the model as a black box function, discarding its generative and reasoning capabilities in favor of static embeddings. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiashuo Sun , Shixuan Liu , Zhaochen Su , Xianrui Zhong , Pengcheng Jiang , Bowen Jin , Peiran Li , Weijia Shi , Jiawei Han

Synthesizing large logic programs through symbolic Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) typically requires intermediate definitions. However, cluttering the hypothesis space with intensional predicates typically degrades performance. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Stanisław J. Purgał , David M. Cerna , Cezary Kaliszyk

Activation steering methods control large language model (LLM) behavior by modifying internal activations at inference time. However, most existing activation steering methods rely on a fixed steering strength, leading to either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Arthur Vogels , Benjamin Wong , Yann Choho , Annabelle Blangero , Milan Bhan

Current large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emerging capabilities in social intelligence tasks, including implicature resolution and theory-of-mind reasoning, both of which require substantial pragmatic understanding. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kefan Yu , Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Wanxin Li , Jingyi Wu , Rob Voigt

Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

This paper studies interpretability of convolutional networks by means of saliency maps. Most approaches based on Class Activation Maps (CAM) combine information from fully connected layers and gradient through variants of backpropagation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Felipe Torres Figueroa , Hanwei Zhang , Ronan Sicre , Yannis Avrithis , Stephane Ayache

Linear Logic refines Intuitionnistic Logic by taking into account the resources used during the proof and program computation. In the past decades, it has been extended to various frameworks. The most famous are indexed linear logics which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Flavien Breuvart , Marie Kerjean , Simon Mirwasser

Large language model (LLM) scaling inference is key to unlocking greater performance, and leveraging diversity has proven an effective way to enhance it. Motivated by the observed relationship between solution accuracy and meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Tianchun Wang , Zichuan Liu , Yuanzhou Chen , Jonathan Light , Weiyang Liu , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang , Wei Cheng

Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without additional training. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tuc Nguyen , Thai Le

Role-playing has emerged as an effective technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods primarily rely on prompt engineering, which often lacks stability and interpretability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Anyi Wang , Dong Shu , Yifan Wang , Yunpu Ma , Mengnan Du

We study how prompt-level inductive biases influence the cognitive behavior of large language models (LLMs) in instructional dialogue. We introduce a symbolic scaffolding method paired with a short-term memory schema designed to promote…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Vanessa Figueiredo